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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Hyperresonance

Resonance increased above the normal, and often of lower pitch, on percussion of an area of the body

Resonance

The quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating

Crackles/Rales

Wet lung sounds

Vesicular sounds

The sounds heard across the main lung fields. Lower-pitched, rustling sounds with higher intensity during inspiration. During expiration, sound intensity can quickly fade.

Bronchial Vesicular sounds

These are normal sounds in the mid-chest area or in the posterior chest between the scapula. They reflect a mixture of the pitch of the bronchial breath sounds heard near the trachea and the alveoli with the vesicular sound.

Bronchial sounds

Hollow, tubular sounds that are lower pitched. They can be auscultated over the trachea where they are considered normal.

Wheezes

Air sound of constricted bronchioles/bronchi

Rhonchi

Rattling, continuous and low-pitched breath sounds that often sound like snoring. Also called low-pitched wheezes. Often caused by secretions in larger airways or obstructions.

Clubbing

Deformation of the fingers and toes caused by chronic hypoxia

Pleural effusion

Buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and chest

Pneumothorax

Air or gas in the thorax, between the lung and chest wall. Can cause collapse of the lung.

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing. >20 breaths/min

Bradypnea

Slow breathing. <8 breaths/min

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing while laying down

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing. Labored breathing. Shortness of breath. Whatever.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Attacks of severe shortness of breath/coughing that occur at night

Cheynestokes breathing

Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

Agonal breathing

Abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus (spasmodic, jerky contractions).




Indicates an extremely serious medical state. Commonly seen in shock, cardiac arrest, etc. Not effective breathing.

Kussmaulsbreathing

Deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. Form of hyperventilation. Attempt to blow off CO2 to decrease acidosis.

Consodilation

A region of (normally compressible) lung tissue that hasfilled with liquid, a condition marked by induration (swelling or hardening ofnormally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung.

Egophony

An increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs, oftencaused by lung consolidation and fibrosis.

Tactile Fremitus

Refersto vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation. To assessfor tactile fremitus, ask the patient to say “99” or “blue moon”.While the patient is speaking, palpate the chest from one side to the other.

Lung excursion

A movement outward and back or from a mean ... one complete movement ofexpansion and contraction of the lungs. Assessed by placing hands on chest/back during respiration to visualize expansion.

Skin turgor

A sign used to test hydration levels of the body. To test, pinchskin above clavicle .