Ha 1 Exam 8-11 Lab Def's

Front 1

Amplitude

Back 1

(or intensity) how loud or soft a sound is

Front 2

duration

Back 2

the length of time a note lingers

Front 3

Ophthalmoscope

Back 3

an instrument that illuminates the internal eye structures, enabling the examiner to look through the pupil at the fundus (background) of the eye

Front 4

otoscope

Back 4

an instrument that illuminates the ear canal, enabling the examiner to look at the ear canal and tympanic membrane

Front 5

Pitch

Back 5

(or frequency) the number of vibrations (or cycles) per second of a note

Front 6

quality

Back 6

(or timbre) a subjective difference in a sound as a result of the sound's distinctive overtones

Front 7

Auscultatory Gap

Back 7

a brief period when Korotkoff sounds disappear during auscultation of blood pressure; common with hypertension

Front 8

Bradycardia

Back 8

heart rate fewer than 50-60 bpm in the adult (depending on agency)

Front 9

Sphygmomanometer

Back 9

instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure

Front 10

Stroke volume

Back 10

amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heart beat

Front 11

Tachycardia

Back 11

heart rate greater than 95 bpm in the adult

Front 12

Acute pain

Back 12

short term, self limiting, often predictable trajectory; stops after injury heals.

Front 13

Allodynia

Back 13

experience of pain after a normally nonpainful tactile (eg. from clothing) or thermal stimulus

Front 14

breakthrough pain

Back 14

pain restarts or escalates before next scheduled analgesic dose

Front 15

Chronic (persistent) pain

Back 15

pain continues for 6 months or longer after initial injury

Front 16

cutaneous pain

Back 16

pain originating from skin surface or subcutaneous structures

Front 17

incident pain

Back 17

occurs predictably after specific movements

Front 18

modulation

Back 18

pain message inhibited during this last phase of nociception

Front 19

neuropathic pain

Back 19

abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature

Front 20

nociception

Back 20

process whereby noxious stimuli are perceived as pain; CNS & PNS intact

Front 21

nociceptors

Back 21

specialized nerve endings that detect painful sensations

Front 22

pain

Back 22

"An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective"

Front 23

Perception

Back 23

concious awareness of painful sensation

Front 24

referred pain

Back 24

pain felt at a particular site but originates from another location

Front 25

somatic pain

Back 25

originating from muscle, bone, joints, tendons, or blood vessels

Front 26

Transduction

Back 26

first phase of nociception whereby the painful stimulus is changed into an action potential

Front 27

transmission

Back 27

second phase of nociception whereby the pain impulse moves from the spinal cord to the brain

Front 28

Visceral Pain

Back 28

originating from internal organs such as the gallbladder or stomach.

Front 29

Android Obesity

Back 29

excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs

Front 30

antrhopometry

Back 30

measurement of the body (e.g. height, weight, circumference, skinfold, thickness)

Front 31

BMI

Back 31

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; value of >30 indicates obesity; value of less than 18.5 indicates undernutrition

Front 32

Diet History

Back 32

a detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries, and similar sources

Front 33

Kwashiorkor

Back 33

primarily a protein deficiency characterized by edema, growth failure, and muscle wasting

Front 34

Malnutrition

Back 34

may mean any nutrition disorder but usually refers to long-term nutritional inadequacies or excesses

Front 35

Marasmic Kwashiorkor

Back 35

combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency

Front 36

Marasmus

Back 36

results from energy and protein deficiency, manifesting with significant loss of body weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue mass, but with serum protein concentrations relatively intact

Front 37

nutritional monitoring

Back 37

assessment of dietary or nutritional status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutritional satus of a population

Front 38

nutrition screening

Back 38

a process used to identify individuals at nutritional risk or with nutritional problems

Front 39

obesity

Back 39

excessive accumulation of body fat; usually defined as 20% above desirable weight or BMI of 30.0-39.9

Front 40

Protein-Calorie malnutrition (PCM)

Back 40

inadequate consumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection

Front 41

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Back 41

levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of almost all healthy person

Front 42

sarcopenic obesity

Back 42

combined loss of muscle mass with weight gain occuring in old age

Front 43

skinfold thicknesss

Back 43

double fold of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue that is measured with skinfold calipers at various body sites

Front 44

Waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR)

Back 44

waist or abdominal circumference divided by the hip or gluteal circumference; method for assessing fat distribution