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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HOB
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Head of Bed
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Fowler’s
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Head of bed raised to 45
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Semi-Fowler’s
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Head of bed raised to 30
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High Fowler’s
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Head of bed raised to 60
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Trendelenberg
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bed is flat but declined so that the head is lower than the feet.
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Reverse Trendelenberg
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bed is flat but inclined so that head is higher than feet.
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Supine
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patient is lying flat on back
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Prone
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patient is lying flat on stomach
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Sims
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patient is lying on one side
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Lithotomy
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patient lying on back with legs spread and knees bent
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Lesion
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any structural abnormality (not limited to skin only
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Primary skin lesion
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lesion arising from normal skin
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Secondary skin lesion
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lesion arising from changes in a primary lesion
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Macule
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colored area < 0.5 cm diameter
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Papule
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raised area < 0.5 cm diameter
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Patch
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colored area > 0.5 cm diameter
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Nodule
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raised area between 0.5 cm and 2 cm diameter
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Plaque
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raised area with diameter > elevation
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Vesicle
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fluid filled sac < 0.5 cm diameter
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Bulla
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fluid filled sac > 0.5 cm diameter
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Pustule
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vesicle that contains pus
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Cyst
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pocket of skin cells that form a pouch
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Wheal
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circumscribed circular area of edema (hive)
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Urticaria
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several hives together; may coalesce into a plaque
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Petechiae
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red dots < 0.5 cm caused by subdermal bleeding; does not blanch
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Purpura
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reddish-purple colore > 0.5 cm caused by subdermal bleeding
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Ecchymosis
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bruising
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Hematoma
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blood that forms a mass under skin
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Excoriation
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secondary lesion caused by scratching primary lesions
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Fissure
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loss of all skin layers vertically
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Abrasion
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scraping away of the superficial skin layers
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Puncture
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skin has been pierced by a sharp object which has been removed
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Impalation
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skin has been pierced by a sharp object which is still present
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Eczema
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dried skin
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Pruritis
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itching
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Ulcer
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absence of skin one or more skin layers
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Decubitis ulcer
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ulcer caused by pressure; sometimes called bed sores
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Mottling
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skin that is multicolored, usually appears blotchy
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Erythema
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redness
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Milia
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pinhead, white, keratin filled cysts
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Endocardium
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layer of cells in the heart closest to the blood
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Myocardium
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myo- (muscle); -cardium (hear): heart muscle
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Pericardium
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membrane surrounding the heart
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Ischemia
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decreased blood flow to an area
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
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heart cell death due to myocardial ischemia
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Heart failure
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when the heart fails to meet the demand of the body’s cells
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Aneurysm
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weakened artery; often balloons before bursting (Blood seeps into tunics)
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Angina pectoris
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chest pain caused by relative lack of oxygen in the heart from atherosclerosis
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Claudication
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leg pain caused by relative lack of oxygen in the legs from atherosclerosis
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Bradycardia
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heart rate < 60 bpm
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Tachycardia
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heart rate > 100 bpm
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Bruit
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whoosing noise from turbulent blood flow in an artery
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Murmur
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sound made by turbulent blood through a malfunctioning heart valve
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Thrill
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a murmur that is so strong it is palpable through the skin
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Dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
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shortness of breath with activity
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Dyspnea
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shortness of breath
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Orthopnea
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shortness of breath when lying down
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Dysrthymia
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any heart rhythm other than normal
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Fibrillation
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dysrthymia where heart does not beat, but quivers (may be atrial or ventricular)
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Flutter
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dysrthymia where heart rapidly and abnormally contracts, (may be atrial or ventricular)
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Palpitation
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sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeat
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Edema
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swelling
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Pitting edema
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swelling where the skin will stay indented (pitted) if pressure is applied
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Syncope
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fainting
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Thrombus
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blood clot
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Thrombophlebitis
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inflammation of a blood vessel due to a clot
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Embolism
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blockage of an artery usually by a clot that has broken loose
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Varicose
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distended vein
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Shunt
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a tube connecting an artery and vein so blood mixes; used in some dialysis patients
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AV Fistula
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joining of an artery and vein together, so blood mixes; used in some dialysis patients
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Bradypnea
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breathing rate < 12 breaths per minute
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Tachypnea
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breathing rate > 20 breaths per minute
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Dyspnea
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difficulty breating (most often shortness of breath)
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Eupnea
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breathing normally (rate plus quality)
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Atelectasis
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collapsing of alveoli in pulmonary tissue
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Consolidation
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filling of alveoli with liquid or solid material
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Pneumothorax
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partial or complete collapse of a lung due to pleural puncture
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Hemothorax
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a pneumothorax where the space has been filled with blood
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Sputum
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mucus produced in the bronchial tree to remove inhaled debris (not to be confused with saliva)
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Hemoptysis
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coughing up blood
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Retractions
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pulling inward of the chest wall on inspiration when the bronchial passages are constricted (like a collapsing straw)
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Pleurisy
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sharp pain on inspiration; usually well localized; sign of pleural inflammation
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Auscultate
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listen with a stethoscope (the following are auscultatory sounds)
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• Wheeze
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a whistling noise made by narrowed bronchial passages (when severe may be heard without a stethoscope)
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• Stridor
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similar to wheeze, but harsher; a sign of laryngeal blockage (may be heard without a stethoscope)
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• Crackles
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crackling sound on inspiration; sign of atelectasis or pulmonary edema
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• Rales
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an older name for crackles
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• Rhonchi
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snoring sound
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Urgency
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strong feeling of having to urinate
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Incontinence
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inability to hold urine (several different types)
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Enuresis
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lack of control in urination; bed-wetting and incontinence
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Oliguria
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small amount of urine (< 30ml/hr)
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Polyuria
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large amount of urine
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Dysuria
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pain or burning with urination
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Proteinuria
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protein present in urine
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Hematuria
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blood present in urine
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Nocturia
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waking up to urinate
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Nephrolithiasis
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kidney stone
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Renal Calculus
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kidney stone
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Renal Artery Stenosis
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narrowing of renal artery
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ED
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erectile dysfunction
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Dyspareunia
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painful intercourse
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Menarche
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onset of menses during puberty
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LMP
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last menstrual period; measured from the first day of bleeding
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EDC
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estimated date of confinement (day a baby is expected to be born)
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EDD
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estimated due date (day a baby is expected to be born.
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Renal Insufficiency/Failure
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loss of 25% of kidney function
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End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
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loss of 90% of kidney function
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Dyspepsia
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upper abdominal discomfort “Indigestion”
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GERD
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease “Heartburn”
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Reflux
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backwards flow
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Emesis
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vomit
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Hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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Hematochezia
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fresh (red) blood in stools
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Melena
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dark tarry stools (digested blood)
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Constipation
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decrease in normal frequency of bowel movements
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Anorexia
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loss of appetite
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Cachexia
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nutritional deficit resulting in wasting
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Halitosis
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bad breath
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Hemorrhoids
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varicose rectal veins (internal or external)
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Jaundice
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yellow tint of skin due to increase in bilirubin levels
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Hepatitis
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inflammation of liver
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Hyperemesis
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excessive vomting
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Ataxia
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Defective muscular coordination manifested when attempting voluntary movement
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Apraxia
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Inability to perform purposeful movement
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Vertigo
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Sensation of moving in space or having environment move around the person
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Paresis
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partial or incomplete paralysis
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Hemiparesis
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paralysis of one side of the body
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Hemiplegia
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paralysis of one side of the body
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Neuropathy
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nerve disease
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Neuralgia
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pain along the course of a nerve
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Paresthesia
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altered sensation such as numbness, tingling
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Lethargy
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Sleepiness or drowsiness
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Somnolence
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Prolonged drowsiness
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Labile
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unsteady, changeable
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Affect
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emotional reaction associated with an event expressed through facial expression and body language
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Mood
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pervasive and sustained emotion that may influence one’s perception of the world
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Psychosis
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severe loss of contact with reality
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Neuroleptic
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any drug that modifies or treats psychotic behaviors
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Anxiety
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vague uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by autonomic response
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Anxiolytic
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drug that reduces anxiety
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Forensic
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dealing with a victim or perpetrator of a crime or a person in prison
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Dysthymia
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depressed mood
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Euthymia
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evenness of mood, mental peace
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Dysphoria
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depression and unrest; mood of dissatisfaction, restlessness, anxiety, discomfort
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Euphoria
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exaggerated feeling of well-being or elation
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