Health And Nutrition Midterm

Front 1

Define: Nutrition

Back 1

the study of food and how it impacts our bodies

Front 2

mechanical digestion

Back 2

breaking down food matter

Front 3

chemical digestion

Back 3

chemical reaction that aids in absorbtion

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propulsion

Back 4

the movement

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How to prevent food borne illness?

Back 5

keep hands and surface clean,

refrigerate foods properly

maintain proper temperature

prevent cross contamination by separating food

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why is nutrition important?

Back 6

food provides your body with the energy it needs to function properly. Proper nutrition can help us improve our health, prevent certain diseases, achieve and maintain a desirable weight, and maintain our energy and vitality.

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Define wellness

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A multidimensional, lifelong process that includes physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

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Define nutrients

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Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.

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6 essential nutrients are:

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* • carbohydrates
* • fats and oils (two types of lipids)
* • proteins
* • vitamins
* • minerals
* • water

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define organic

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A substance or nutrient that contains the element carbon.

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kilo calorie vs calorie

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kilocalorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram. measure engery

calorie is a unit of measurement.

Front 12

Top 3/ Energy yielding nutrients?

Back 12

FAT, PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATES

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Define macronutrients

Back 13

Nutrients that our bodies need in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients.

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CARBS

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The primary fuel source for our bodies, particularly for our brain and for physical exercise.

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g > kcal conversion: fat, prot., and carbs

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fat 9kcal, protein and carbs 4kcal

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FATS

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An important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise. Are not water-soluble,

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PROTIENS

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The only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; the basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids. body makes proteins into amino acids and reassemble them to build our own body proteinsProteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins support the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.

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VITAMINS

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Organic compounds that assist us in regulating our bodies’ processes.

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METABLOISM

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The process by which large molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down via chemical reactions into smaller molecules that can be used as fuel, stored, or assembled into new compounds the body needs.

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MICRONUTRIENTS

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Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.

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MINERALS

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Inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light. Minerals assist in the regulation of many body processes and are classified as major minerals or trace minerals.

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h2o

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Water is an inorganic nutrient that is vital for our survival.

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DRIs (dietary reference intakes)

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A set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that applies to healthy people.

EAR- estim. av. req.

RDA- rec. diet allowance

AI- adequate intake

UL- tolerable upper intake level

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AMDR of fat, carb, protein

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CARB: 45-65%

FAT: 20-35%

PROT:10-35%

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healthy diet

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A diet that provides the proper combination of energy and nutrients and is adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied.

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adequate diet

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A diet that provides enough of the energy, nutrients, and fiber to maintain a person’s health.

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moderation

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Eating the right amounts of foods to maintain a healthy weight and to optimize our bodies’ metabolic processes.

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5 components to food labels

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identification: name

net content: quantity of food in package

ingredient list: by weight

name and address of food manufacturer

nutrition info: panel

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cell membrane

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The boundary of an animal cell that separates its internal cytoplasm and organelles from the external environment.

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digestion

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the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically

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absorbtion

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the process of taking these products of digestion through the wall of the intestine.

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simple and complex carbohydrates

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Simple carbohydrates contain either one or two molecules, while complex carbohydrates contain hundreds to thousands of molecules.

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GLUCOSE

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The most abundant sugar molecule, a monosaccharide generally found in combination with other sugars. The preferred source of energy for the brain and an important source of energy for all cells.

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complex carb

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A nutrient compound consisting of long chains of glucose molecules, such as starch, glycogen, and fiber.

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carb digestion

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starts in mouth > stomach >small intestine with pancreas>

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where is glycogen

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stored in muscles

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lipids

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A diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water; lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Front 38

fat digestion

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stomach > small intestine > gallbladder release bile to make triglycerides into monoglycerides and amino acids

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protien

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Large, complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells. acts as enzymes, hormone, anti-body, and fluid regulator

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protein digestion

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mouth > stomach , hydrochloric acid and pepsin > small intestine, proteas help breakdown further > liver then delivered to proper place