Health And Human Development Unit 3/4

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Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

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A measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including on adjustment for time spent in poor health.

It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

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Health Status

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An individuals or populations overall level of health, taking into account life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

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Social Health

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Refers being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.

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Physical Health

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Refers to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and including the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

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Mental Health

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refers to the individual realising his/her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community.

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Health

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Refers to a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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Life Expectancy

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Refers to an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

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Incidence

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Refers to the number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

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Prevalence

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The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

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Mortality

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The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.

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Morbidity

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Refers to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health in a population or group.

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Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

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A measure of burden of disease, one DALY = 1 year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

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Burden of disease

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A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease & disability.

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Global Health

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The health of populations in a worldwide context that goes beyond the perspectives and concerns and individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.

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Human development

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Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is about expanding peoples and choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.

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Human development Index (HDI)

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A tool developed by the UN to measure and rank countries levels of social and economic development. Provides statistics based on 3 dimensions - health, education and living standards, and four indicators - LE at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita.

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Social Model of Health

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A conceptual framework within which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.

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Biomedical Model of Health

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Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.

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Emergency Aid (Humanitarian aid)

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The rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering, during and after emergencies such as wars and natural disasters.

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Multilateral Aid

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Aid is provided through an international organisation, such as world bank, UN or WHO.

It combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to the recipients.

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Non- Government Organisation (NGO) Aid

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NGOs take different approaches to aid, which include specific projects or programs, emergency aid, volunteering, education and development. The aid often focuses on aid.

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Bilateral Aid

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Where aid is given by one country directly to another.

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Medicare

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Australia's universal healthcare system,aim to improve access for Australians, provide adequate healthcare at little or no cost to Australians in need of treatment regardless of age or income.

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Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)

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An initiative to subsidize the cost of a wide range of prescription medications, providing Australians with vital medications at affordable prices.

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Private health Insurance

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A health policy that individuals and families can purchase to cover health services not covered by medicare.

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Sustainability

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Refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Sustainable Human Development

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Refers to a process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs without compromising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs.