Health And Human

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health

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a state of complete physical, emotional and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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wellbeing

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the state of being healthy, happy and contented, usually determined through self assesment.

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homeostatis

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the property within living organism that regulates its internal and external environment to maintain stability and constancy.

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mortality

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the number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environment factor.

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morbidity

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the rate at which a particular disease or illness occurs.

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physical health

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relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

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social health

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being able to interact with others and participate in the cummunity in both an independent or cooperative way.

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mental health

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state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stesses of life,can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her cummunity.

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health status

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an individual's or populations overall level of health, taking into account various factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability, and levels of disease risk factors.

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lifespan

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a time span from conception to death that can be divided into stages that correspond to arbitary ages.

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life expectancy

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an indication of how long a person can expext to live. It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

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trends

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a long-term general movement or change in frequency, usuallly either upwards or downwards.

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incidence

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the number of rates of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

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prevalence

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the number of proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a popualtion at a given time.

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disability adjusted life years (DALYs)

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a measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease and injury.

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burden of disease

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a measure of the impact of disease and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current heath status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.

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growth

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refews to the measurable changes in the body, mainly due to an increase in the number and size if the body's cells.

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Quanitative

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to measure, count, or gain an idea of how much change is occurring by looking at quantities or amounts.

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development

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describes the gradual changes in an individual's physical, social, emotional abd intellectual states and abilities.

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qualitative

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to make subjective judgements or assumptions about development; describes changes that cannot be easily measured.

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physical development

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the changes that relate to people's size abd shape and, therefore, body structure.

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motor development

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a form of physical development that relates to the way in which an individual develops muscle function.

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motor skills

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the ability to move, through gaining and exercising control over the large and small muscles of the body.

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gross motor skills

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the ability to control the movement of larger muscle groups within the body.

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fine motor skills

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the ability to control the movements of smaller muscle groups within the body.

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norm

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a standard, model or pattern generally regarded as typical.

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social development

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the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.

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socialisation

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the process of acquiring values, attitudes and behaivours through interacting with others.

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peer group

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a group of individuals who are of similar ages and who share similar interests.

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gender

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the social and psychological dimention of being male or female.

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gender rolls

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a set of social, cultural and often political expectations that prescribe how females and males should behave, think and respond.

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emotional development

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refers to the feelings and moods and the ways in which people express, understand and exercise control over them.

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self-esteem

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how a person feels about themselves abd their own abilities.

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self-concept

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the idea an individual has of them selves; who they are, who they want to be,what they value, and what they believe others think of them.

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intellectual development

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also referred to as cognitive development, the ways in which people are able to think and reason.

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developmental milestones

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a task, undertaking or event that is expected to be achieved in order to successfully progress to a further level of development.

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inherited influences

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an influencing factor carried in the genetic information innate in each individual.The information is contained in genes that determines many characteristics of the individual.

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environmental influences

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a factor that exsists as a part of the world external to the individual and which may have a positive or negative impact on health and/or development.

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youth

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twelve to 18 years of age; however, it should be acknowledged that classifications for the stage of youth can differ across agencies.

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puberty

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the time signifying the end of childhood and during which significnt changes to the way an individual's body stucture and functions occur in term of skeletal and sexual maturation.

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hormone

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a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development

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endocrine system

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a body system made up of glands that release hormones in order to control body functions.

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gland

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an organ in the body that produces and releases hormones.

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gonad

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a gland in the body that produces the sex cells(called gametes).In humans, the gonads are the testesn in males and the ovaries in females.

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growth spurt

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a period involving a rapid increase in height and body mass, which occurs as a consequence of the onset of puberty.

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primary sexual characteristics

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characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females, enabling them to reproduce.

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secondary sexual characteristics

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characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but are not related to a person's ability to reproduce.

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oestrogen

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the female sex hormone responsble for sexual development.

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progesterone

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the female sex hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle.

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testosterone

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the principal male sex hormone.

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maturation

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describes the process whereby a person gradually relises their genetic potential.

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epididymis

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part of the testicle that holds maturing sperm until needed for ejaculation.

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vas deferens

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tubes that carry mature sperm to be ejaculated.

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menarche

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a female's first menstruation or period.