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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What two methods of surgical management could we use for angina?
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CABG and PTCA
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How is angina diagnosed?
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1) PE and hx
2) EKG and stress test. 3) Cardiac enzymes. 4) Cardiac cath. 5) Cardiac angiography. |
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What is the protective covering of the heart called?
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The pericardium.
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When we manage angina medically what do we use?
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Nitroglycerin is the mainstay of treatment. We can also use beta-blockers (such as Inderal or Atenolol), calcium channel blockers (such as Verapamil or Diltiazem) and anticoagulant medications (ASA) and oxygen.
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Is an MI permanent damage to the tissue?
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Yes.
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When doing a PE and hx for the diagnosis of angina, what are we looking at?
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Risk factors (genetics, diabetes, stress, congenital defects and obesity).
Pain characteristics (squeezing substernal pain. Tightness. Heavy feeling. Shortness of air, pallor, anxiety. |
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What nursing interventions would we want to do with respect to alteration in tissue perfusion with respect to angina?
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Monitor the BP. It should be in the desired range. If BP is too low, the tissue is not being perfused.
2) Monitor for dysrhythmias. 3) Prevent venous stasis. |
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What are some side effects of nitro?
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Headache, hypotension. Should feel a tingling sensation under the tongue. Make sure to store nitro in a dry area. Also, it is light sensitive.
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How do we manage angina?
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Medically or surgically.
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When doing an EKG and a stress test with respect to angina it will be ??
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Normal at rest. Altered with angina.
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What does the LAD feed?
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The heart muscle itself.
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When are abnormal rhythmas very common with an occlusion from an MI?
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Inferior or posterior wall MI's (RCA).
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When we do a cardiac angiography what are we doing?
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A dye study which is looking at the blood flow of the heart itself.
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What are the three layers of the cardiac tissue?
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Endocardium; myocardium and epicardium.
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What is an MI?
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An occlusion of a vessel with resulting necrosis.
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Unstable angina has an ______________ onset.
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Unpredictable.
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The RCA, LAD and circumflex feed what parts of the heart?
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The RA, RV, SA node and AV node
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When would we want to especially do a cardiac cath with respect to angina?
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If angina switches from stable to unstable.
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Stable angina is a ______________ onset.
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Predictable.
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What is angina due to?
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Oxygen deprivation to the muscle. The supply can't keep up with the demand.
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How much fluid is usually in the pericardial sac?
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10-30 cc
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What does the circumflex feed?
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The heart muscle itself.
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When would we not want to use a beta blocker (Inderal, atenolol)
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In asthma, because it affects the beta receptors in the lungs.
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Where can occlusions occur in the heart with respect to an MI?
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In the:
Inferior or posterior wall (RCA) Anterior wall MI (LAD). Lateral wall MI (Lateral cfx) |
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What are some nursing diagnoses in relationship to angina?
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1) Alteration in gas exchange.
2) Alteration in tissue perfusion. |
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Which is the most common site of an MI?
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THe anterior wall (left anterior descending artery).
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