Health Alt Test #3

Front 1

What two methods of surgical management could we use for angina?

Back 1

CABG and PTCA

Front 2

How is angina diagnosed?

Back 2

1) PE and hx
2) EKG and stress test.
3) Cardiac enzymes.
4) Cardiac cath.
5) Cardiac angiography.

Front 3

What is the protective covering of the heart called?

Back 3

The pericardium.

Front 4

When we manage angina medically what do we use?

Back 4

Nitroglycerin is the mainstay of treatment. We can also use beta-blockers (such as Inderal or Atenolol), calcium channel blockers (such as Verapamil or Diltiazem) and anticoagulant medications (ASA) and oxygen.

Front 5

Is an MI permanent damage to the tissue?

Back 5

Yes.

Front 6

When doing a PE and hx for the diagnosis of angina, what are we looking at?

Back 6

Risk factors (genetics, diabetes, stress, congenital defects and obesity).

Pain characteristics (squeezing substernal pain. Tightness. Heavy feeling.

Shortness of air, pallor, anxiety.

Front 7

What nursing interventions would we want to do with respect to alteration in tissue perfusion with respect to angina?

Back 7

Monitor the BP. It should be in the desired range. If BP is too low, the tissue is not being perfused.

2) Monitor for dysrhythmias.

3) Prevent venous stasis.

Front 8

What are some side effects of nitro?

Back 8

Headache, hypotension. Should feel a tingling sensation under the tongue. Make sure to store nitro in a dry area. Also, it is light sensitive.

Front 9

How do we manage angina?

Back 9

Medically or surgically.

Front 10

When doing an EKG and a stress test with respect to angina it will be ??

Back 10

Normal at rest. Altered with angina.

Front 11

What does the LAD feed?

Back 11

The heart muscle itself.

Front 12

When are abnormal rhythmas very common with an occlusion from an MI?

Back 12

Inferior or posterior wall MI's (RCA).

Front 13

When we do a cardiac angiography what are we doing?

Back 13

A dye study which is looking at the blood flow of the heart itself.

Front 14

What are the three layers of the cardiac tissue?

Back 14

Endocardium; myocardium and epicardium.

Front 15

What is an MI?

Back 15

An occlusion of a vessel with resulting necrosis.

Front 16

Unstable angina has an ______________ onset.

Back 16

Unpredictable.

Front 17

The RCA, LAD and circumflex feed what parts of the heart?

Back 17

The RA, RV, SA node and AV node

Front 18

When would we want to especially do a cardiac cath with respect to angina?

Back 18

If angina switches from stable to unstable.

Front 19

Stable angina is a ______________ onset.

Back 19

Predictable.

Front 20

What is angina due to?

Back 20

Oxygen deprivation to the muscle. The supply can't keep up with the demand.

Front 21

How much fluid is usually in the pericardial sac?

Back 21

10-30 cc

Front 22

What does the circumflex feed?

Back 22

The heart muscle itself.

Front 23

When would we not want to use a beta blocker (Inderal, atenolol)

Back 23

In asthma, because it affects the beta receptors in the lungs.

Front 24

Where can occlusions occur in the heart with respect to an MI?

Back 24

In the:
Inferior or posterior wall (RCA)

Anterior wall MI (LAD).

Lateral wall MI (Lateral cfx)

Front 25

What are some nursing diagnoses in relationship to angina?

Back 25

1) Alteration in gas exchange.
2) Alteration in tissue perfusion.

Front 26

Which is the most common site of an MI?

Back 26

THe anterior wall (left anterior descending artery).