Healing And Repair

Front 1

Proud flesh

Back 1

excess formation of granulation tissue

Front 2

Keloid

Back 2

firm and rubbery lesions that are benign accumulations of granulomatous mass composed of early and late collagen

Front 3

Dehiscence

Back 3

spontaneous opening of a wound

Front 4

Pyogenic granuloma

Back 4

vascular lesion that occurs as an overgrowth of the skin or mucosal tissue

Front 5

Cirrhosis

Back 5

replacement of tissue of with fibrous or scar tissue

Front 6

What are the outcomes of tissue injury

Back 6

reconstruction of said tissue

partial reconstruction; some regeneration some scar

scar formation

Front 7

What is the purpose of repair

Back 7

prevent bleeding and infection

fill in gaps or debris

remove debris

pull tissue together

Front 8

What regulates tissue regeneration

Back 8

depends on tissue type and rate of growth in normal cell populations

Labile cells have constant turnover and replacement

Stable cells have the ability to turn over if stimulated

Permanent cells have little ability to turnover

Front 9

What are some examples of labile cells

Back 9

epidermis

Front 10

What are stable cells

Back 10

normal liver

Front 11

What are some permanent cells

Back 11

brain, neurons, muscle, skeletal, cardiac

Front 12

What is granulation tissue and its role

Back 12

Involved in tissue regeneration

Contains proliferating capillaries which are stimulated by VEGF and FGF (HIF [hypoxia inducible factor] activated transcription of VEGF), proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, EXtraCM and macrophages

Front 13

What are the steps of angiogenesis?

Back 13

angioblasts from bone marrow and from sprouting capillaries

several factors are utilized to trigger the growth

VEGF early

Ang1 later

Ang2 turns off

Front 14

What occurs when VEGF/Ang1+2 binds specific endothelal receptors

Back 14

R2 proliferates the vessel

R1 induces tube formation

Ang 1 with Tie 2 causes vessel maturation

Ang 2 with Tie 2 stops angiogenesis

Front 15

What is the process of scar formation

Back 15

granulation tissue is broken down by proteases, vessels are reduced in number, mesenchymal cells produce FGF and TGF-B which stibulates fibroblast growth and migrations, fibroblasts make collagen Type 3 for early wound an dType 1 for later wound

Front 16

What are the disadvantages of scar tissue?

Back 16

not as strong as original tissue, may interfer with function, may be disfiguring

Front 17

What are the stages of skin wound healing

Back 17

1. Vasoconstriction via symp nerves

2. blood clot fills defect an a scab forms

3. polys enter then macros

4. granulation then scar

5. epidermal continuity restored

Front 18

What are the differences between primary and secondary intention healing

Back 18

primary means small wound separation

secondary has much larger tissue separation, requires larger amounts of granulation, more prolonged inflammatory response, more debris and larger scare

Front 19

What are some unique would healing types

Back 19

Renal hyalinized glomeruli, liver cirrhosis, tumor encapsulation via fibrosis

Front 20

What are some defects or errors in wound healing

Back 20

excess granulation = proud flesh or pyogenic granuloma, Angiognesis drives the formation due to upregulted FLT-4 which is a ligand for VEGF

excess scar = keloid, hypertrophic scar

Front 21

What is the WNT signaling pathway

Back 21

activated in those with keloid scars may result in greater number of fibroblasts

Front 22

What is dystrophic calcification

Back 22

stimulus is often tissue damage or necrosis, with calcification occuring at the site of the injury

serum calcium is normal during process

Front 23

What are the causes and effects of delayed wound healing

Back 23

locally; infection, poor blood supply, foreing material can block, type and size

Systemic; advanced age, diabetes, nutrition