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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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coup-contracoup
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2 sites of injury
coup-- damage at the site of impact contracoup-- damage at a distance (line opposite site of impact) |
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shear-strain
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brain rebounds or rotates in response to blow causing tissue and vessel damage by rough inner surface of the skull
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Primary injuries
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those that occur at the moment of impact or at the time of the accident
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Open injuries
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skull is fractured
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linear
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simple, clean, milde, heal well without problems
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comminuted
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small breakage, indentation, spider linear fracture
like a baseball bat |
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depressed/ compressed
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bone is pressed inward
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compound
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VERY SERIOUS
external opening [major complication is infection] |
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basilar
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raccoon eyes and battle's sign
occurs at base of skull and results in CSF leakage in nose and ears a type of compound fracture |
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penetratin
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gunshot wound
has entrance and exit wounds, usually massive internal damage |
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closed primary injury
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skull remains intact
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concussion
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mild, headache, vomiting, definite change in LOC
watch over night, usually recover well |
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contusion
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a bruise on the brain
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brainstem contusion
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much more serious
affects recticular activating system--- may in a coma |
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scalp injury
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most minor
bleeds A LOT |
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Secondary head trauma
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occurs as a result of injury
involves hematomas and edema |
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epidural injury
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above the dura, usually arterial
cardinal signs: becomes immediately unconscious, then wake up, then go unconscious again |
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Subdural Injury
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under the dura, usually venous
acute [24-48 hours] subacute [2-14 days] chronic [weeks to months] common in child abuse, alcoholics, homeless symptoms can occur immediately up to 3 weeks after injury |
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contents of cranium
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blood, brain tissue, CSF
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autoregulation of cerebral blood flow
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increased CO2, decreased O2, or acidic pH--> vessels begin to vasodilate--> pressure in brain increases
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causes of increase ICP
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brain tumor
hydrocephalus inflammation/ infection intracranial hemorrhage CVA meningitis coughing |
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S/S of increased ICP
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decreased LOC and behavioral changes
headache n/v slurred speech pupil changes seizures |
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cushing triad
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increased BP, bradycardia, widened pulse pressure
rare, when person is on way out |
