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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viral association with Nasal type NK/Tcell lymphoma
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EBV
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3 causes of death from Nasal type NK/Tcell lymphoma
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-secondary bacterial infection
-aspiration pneumonia -hemorrhage |
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Chx of Nasal Type NK/T cell lymphoma
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-necrotizing ulcerated mucosal lesions
-black crust -nasal perforation -angiocentric/invasive lymphoid infiltrate |
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Location of Nasal Type NK/T cell lymphoma
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upper respiratory tract
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Waldeyer ring
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-circular band of lymphoid tissue
-nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils -at opening to resp and digestive tracts |
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Who gets Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?
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-Males, testosterone dependent
-familial adenomatous polyposis (25X) -kids |
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location of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas
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upper posterior or lateral nasopharyngeal wall
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vascular pathology in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
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-varied size vessels
-no smooth muscle layer -no vasoconstriction -brick bleeding |
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Tx for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
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Surgery and radiation
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Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, benign or malignant
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benign, locally agressive
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Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma presentation
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-malignant, early metastasis
-asymptomatic -neck mass/chronic otitis media |
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Viral/genetic association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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-EBV
-A2/sin HLA in Chinese -18% cancers in Hong Kong |
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Cell types in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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-syncitial masses of undifferentiated epithelial cells
-large oval nuclei -scant eosinophilic cytoplasm -lymphoid background |
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Causes of vocal cord nodule/polyp
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-infection (laryngitis, alcohol, smoking, hypothyroid)
-trauma/voice abuse - |
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Chx of vocal cord nodule/polyp
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myxoid, fibrous, edematous, reactive stroma
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Symptoms of vocal cord nodule/polyp
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-hoarseness
-voice change -30-60yrs |
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cause of squamous papillomatosis
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HPV 6/11
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difference b/w squamous papillomatosis and squamous papilloma
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papilloma: singular, adult males
papillomatosis: multiple, children/adolescents,extends to trachea/bronchi |
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Location of squamous papillomatosis/papilloma
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larynx and hypopharynx
papillomatosis can extend to trachea and bronchi |
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complications of squamois papillomatosis
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squamous cell carcinoma (smokers, radioTx)
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location of supraglottic carcinoma
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-ventricles
-false cords -epiglottis |
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Chx of supraglottic carcinoma
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-SCC (male smokers)
-33% of all laryngeal cancers -nodal metastasis -ventricles, false cords, epiglottis |
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Chx of glottic carcinoma
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-SCC (male smokers)
-66% of all laryngeal cancers -slow mets -true vocal cords |
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Chx of transglottic carcinoma
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-SCC (male smokers)
-true and false cords -uncommon -mets to nodes -Tx w/total laryngectomy |
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prevalence/location of chondrosarcoma in laryngeal cancers
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-75% of non epithelial cancers
-mandible, maxilla, nasal, paranasal sinuses |
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Sjogren's syndrome: benign or malignant?
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benign
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Chx of Sjogren's lesions
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-polyclonal lymphoid infiltrate around/in damaged ducts
-surrounded by myoepithelial cells/islands -gland atrophy, fibrosis, fatty infiltration - |
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Location of Sjogren's pathology
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parotid
lacrimal glands (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) salivary glands (xerostomia) |
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How common is pleomorphic adenoma?
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-most common salivary gland tumor
-2/3 of salivary gland tumors -50% of minor salivary gland tumors |
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Location of pleomorphic adenoma?
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superficial lobe of parotid
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Chx of pleomorphic adenoma
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-benign
-painless preauricular/angle of jaw mass -deep lobe: parapharyngeal or tonsillar mass -encapsulated -mix of myoepithelial/ductal cells in myxoid or chondroid stroma |
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Who gets pleomorphic adenoma?
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middle aged women
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malignant form of pleomorphic adenoma
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carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
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who gets Warthin's tumor?
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Male, 30yo or >50yo
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location of Warthin's tumor
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Parotid, singular or multiple in 1 gland or bilateral
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Chx of Warthin's tumor
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-benign
-proliferation of salivary gland inclusions in lymph nodes -encapsulated cystic glandular spaces embedded in dense stroma of lymphoid tissue and germinal ctrs |
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: malignant or benign?
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malignant
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Location of mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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salivary glands
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who gets mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
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-adult females
-adolescents |
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Difference b/w high and low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
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Low grade has more mucus cells, cystic spaces, less squamoid cells, solid areas, >90% 5 yr survival vs. 20-40% w/mets
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Chx of mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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mix of squamoid cells, mucus cells, intermediate cells that originate from ductal epithelium
-slow growing, painless, firm |
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most common glands involved in mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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-50% parotid
-5-10% major salivary glands -10% minor salivary glands of the palate |
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Chx of adenoid cystic carcinoma
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-40-60yrs old
-cylindroma -slow growing, malignant -painful, infiltrates nerves -difficult to eradicate -late metastasis -poor long term prognosis |
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Cell types involved in adenoid cystic carcinoma
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-cells differentiating toward intercalated ducts and myoepithelium
-small cells, scant cytoplasm -cribriform/swiss cheese pattern -cells make eosinophilic basement membrane material |
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who gets acinic cell carcinoma?
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20-30 yr old men
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acinic cell carcinoma: malignant or benign?
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malignant; mets to regional lymph nodes
-90% 5yr survival -1/3 local recurrence |
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locations of adenoid cystic carcinoma
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-lacrimal gland
-nasopharynx -nasal cavity -paranasal sinuses -lower respiratory tract |
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location of acininc cell carcinoma
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parotid (uncommon)
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pathology of acinic cell carcinoma
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-uniform cells
-small central nucleus -basophilic cytoplasm like normal salivary gland acinic cells |
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Chx of chronic suppurative otitis media
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-unTx/recurrent middle ear/mastoid infection
-people who had ear dz in childhood -perforated ear drum -otorrhea -hearing loss -polyps |
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complications of cholesteatoma
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-Keratin shields bacteria from antibiotics
-Erodes bone/destroys auditory ossicles, facial nerve, labyrinth |
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Where does a cholesteatoma come from?
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-perforated ear drum
-ingrowth of squamous epithelium from external ear into middle ear |
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Location of jugulotympanic paraganglioma
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benign tumor in middle ear
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Pathology of jugulotympanic paraganglioma
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-nests of chief cells (Zellballen) with ill defined borders
-eosinophilic cytoplasm -derived from neural crest -contain NE and Eppi -surrounded by sustentacular cells -separated by vascularized connective tissue |
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complications of jugulotympanic paraganglioma
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-destruction of middle ear
-extension into internal ear and cranial cavity |
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3 causes of gingival hyperplasia
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Dilantin
AML gingivitis |
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Why is pyogenic granuloma a misnomer?
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-it is a lobular arrangement of capillaries in a background of inflamed granulation tissue
-no infection, not granulomatous -becomes fibrotic over time |
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Who gets pyogenic granuloma?
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-men, women older than 16yrs
-pregnant women |
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Location of pyogenic granuloma
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-gingiva
-lip -anterior nasal septum -tip of nasal turbinates -skin |
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Pyogenic granuloma: benign or malignant?
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benign
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