Head And Neck - Cranial Nerves Basics

Front 1

CNI

Back 1

Olfactory
Exit: Cribiform plate
SA: Smell

Front 2

CNII

Back 2

Optic
Exit: Optic canal
SA: Vision

Front 3

CNIII

Back 3

Oculomotor
Exit: Superior orbital fissure
GE: Extraocular mm.
VE: Ciliary m., Sphincter pupillae

Front 4

CNIV

Back 4

Trochlea
Exit: Superior orbital fissure
GE: Superior oblique m.

Front 5

CNV1

Back 5

Trigeminal - Ophthalmic
Exit: Superior orbital fissure
VE: Hitchhikers (sympathetic and parasympathetic) in lacrimal n. to lacrimal gland via pterygopalatine ganglion.
GE: Orbital contents, forehead, uppereyelid, dorsal nose, anterior part of scalp, anterior part of nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses (except maxillary sinus), dura (ACF, PCF)

Front 6

CNV2

Back 6

Trigeminal - maxillary
Exit: Foramen rotundum
VE: Hitchhikers to the nasal and palatal mucosa via the greater palatine nerve.
GA: SKin of midface, upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nasal cavities and nasopharynx, maxillary sinuses, palate, dura (MCF).

Front 7

CNV3

Back 7

Trigeminal - mandibular
Exit: Foramen ovale
GE: Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani m., tensor veli palatini m., anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid
VE: Hitchhikers to the parotid gland from the glossopharyngeal n. via the otic ganglon and auriculotemporal n.
VE: Hitchhikers to the tongue from the facial n., via the submandibular ganglion and lingual n.
GA: Skin of the mandible, lower lip, temple, mandibular teeth, TMJ, parotid gland, floor of mouth, anterior 2/3 tongue, dura (MCF).
SA: Hitchhikers form the facial n. to the anterior 2/3 tongue via submandibular n.

Front 8

CNVI

Back 8

Abducens
Exit: Superior orbital fissure
GE: Lateral rectus m.

Front 9

CNVII

Back 9

Facial
Exit: IAM - Stylomastoid foramen
GE: Muscles of facial expression, strapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid.
VE: Submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands; nasal and palatal mucus glands.
GA: EAM, skin of deep ear
SA: Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue.

Front 10

CNVIII

Back 10

Vestibulocochlear
Exit: IAM
SA: Hearing and balance

Front 11

CNIX

Back 11

Glossopharyngeal
Exit: Jugular foramen
GE: Stylopharyngeal m.
VE: Parotid gland
GA: Oropharynx, posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsils, middle ear, pharygotympanic tube
VA: Carotid body and sinus
SA: Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue

Front 12

CNX

Back 12

Vagus
Exit: Jugular foramen
GE: Palatoglosseus, muscles of soft palate (except tensor velipalatini_, pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), larynx
VE: Thoracic and abdominal viscera, mucosal glands of larynx adn laryngopharynx.
GA: Skin of deep ear, EAM, dura (PCF), mucosa of larynx and laryngopharynx
VA: Aortic arch, paraaortic body, viscera
SA: Taste from epiglottis

Front 13

CNXI

Back 13

Spinal accessory
Exit: Jugular foramen
GE: Trapezius, SCM

Front 14

CNXII

Back 14

Hypoglossal
Exit: Hypoglossal canal
GE: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglosseus)