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162 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Is the levator scapulae m. innervated by dorsal or ventral primary rami?
ventral
Which deep back muscle is associated with angle of a rib?
Iliocostalis m.
What upper limb muscle has origin from the thoracolumbar fascia?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Unilateral contraction of the longissimus muscle produces which action?
Lateral bending of the vertebral column to the ipsilateral side
Does the most superior representative of the longissimus muscle lie superficial or deep to the splenius?
deep
What is the function of the multifidis muscle?
Minimal extension and rotation of vertebral column toward opposite side and stabilizes the column (which is its most important function)
Onto which bone does the semispinalis capitis muscle insert?
occipital bone
of which generic group of deep back muscles is the semispinalis cervicis muscle a member?
Transversospinal
Give the generic innervation of the semispinalis cervicis muscle?
segmentally by dorsal (posterior) rami
Which body plane is commonly used as a guide to located the LV4/5 interspinous space for lumbar puncture?
supracristal (iliac crest)
Give the insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle
transverse process of CV1
Give innervation of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle.
suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus)
Which foramen has the vertebral artery traversed?
Transverse foramina of CV1-6
Which meningeal space surrounds the dura mater of the spinal cord?
epidural space
at which vertebral level does the cavity of the dura mater end inferiorly?
SV2
Does the CSF occupy a space internal or external to the dura mater?
internal
At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
LV1/LV2
Name the terminus of the spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
What entity anchors the spinal cord laterally to the dura?
denticulate ligaments
Accentuation of the normal adult curvature typical of the region represented by the thoracic vertebra is clinically termed?
Kyphosis
Does the atlas rotate when one non-verbally indicates a negative response to a question?
Yes
Which structure functionally represents the body of the atlas?
dens (odontoid process) of axis (C2)
Which specific joint(s) is involved in the movement of the atlas and axis?
median atlanto-axial articulation (dens-atlas) and lateral atlanto-axial articulation (zygopophyseal joints)
Congenital failure of the lamina of any lumbar vertebra to fuse with its bilateral counterpart results in which clinically named condition?
spina bifida
Of what is the filum terminal internum a continuation?
pia mater
Sudden forceful movement of the head and neck in which direction is likely to stress the posterior longitudinal ligament?
ventrally (hyperflexion)
Which dermatomes is supplied by the greater occipital nerve?
C2
Does the greater occipital nerve provide any motor branches to the C2 dermatome?
yes
Which type of dura mater comprises the falx cerebri?
meningeal dura
Which surface feature of the brain does the falx cerebri occupy?
longitudinal cerebral fissure
Generally, blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus is in which direction: anterior or posterior?
posterior
via which bony foramen does the sigmoid sinus discharge its blood?
jugular
in which structure does the straight sinus lie?
tentorium cerebelli
The confluence of which structures form the straight sinus?
Great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus
What occupies the bregma in the neonate?
anterior fontanelle
Via which bony passage does the the internal artery enter the skull?
Carotid canal
At which point does the internal carotid artery have endothelium covering both its luminal and external surfaces?
in the cavernous sinus
Which type of dura mater comprises the diaphragma sellae?
meningeal
Which structure lies immediation inferior to the diaphragma sellae?
Hypophysis
The posterior clinoid process marks the posterior border of which fancifully named region?
sella turcica
The posterior clinoid process is part of which bone?
sphenoid
The posterior clinoid process lies at the boundary of which cranial fossae?
middle and posterior
the cavernous sinus is connection to the facial vein via which generic type of vein?
emissary
infection of the cavernous sinus could potentially compromise which nerves?
CN III, IV, VI, V2, and V1
Hemorrhage into the subdural space is principally from an artery or vein?
vein
Which meningeal dural structure is attached along the petrous ridge?
tentorium cerebelli
Which dural venous sinus lies along the petrous ridge?
superior petrosal
To what is the superior petrosal sinus tributary?
Transverse/Sigmoid sinus junction
Of which bone is the petrous ridge a part?
Temporal
Of which bone is the crista galli a part?
ethmoid
Which meningeal structure attaches to the crista galli?
falx cerebri
Via which opening does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull?
superior orbital fissure
Via which opening does the optic nerve enter the skull?
optic canal
Does the frontal bone develop as a paired or unpaired entity?
paired
What is transmitted via the mastoid foramen?
(mastoid) emissary vein (and sometimes a meningeal artery)
Of which bone is the mastoid process a part?
temporal
Name a muscle that inserts at the mastoid process.
splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, SCM
What occupies the carotid canal?
internal carotid artery
With which other foramina is the mental foramen colinear?
supra- and infraorbital foramina
Name the divisions of the trigeminal ganglion
ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
Is the trigeminal ganglion sensory or motor?
sensory
What is the source of the accessory nerve?
cervical cord segments 1-5
Which nerves are sensory to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa?
upper cervical nn (C1-3) probably coursing with CNs X and XII
Via which bne opening does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?
carotid canal
Does the nerve plexus surrounding the internal carotid artery comprise pre- or post-ganglionic nerve fibers?
postganglionic
Is the levatoris costae muscle innervated by a ventral or dorsal ramus?
dorsal
Give the innervation of the dura of the anterior cranial fossa?
CN V1
Give the three letter function code for the nerve fibers innervating CN V1
GSA
Give the location of the neuronal cell bodies of the neurons in the CN V1
Trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian ganglion)
Does the falx cerebri comprise periosteal or meningeal dura?
meningeal
Name the nerve branch of the tentorium cerebelli
tentorial branch, V1
Which named nerve supplies the skin of the anterior scalp?
supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve
Which foramen do the supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve traverse?
Supraorbital foramen and orbit
Which fiber components do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves carry?
GSA
Is the orbicularis oculi muscle (palepebral portion) of branchiomeric origin? If so, which arch?
yes, arch II
Give the letter code designating the nerve supply of the orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral portion)?
BE (SVE)
Is the orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral portion) paralyzed in Horner's syndrome?
no
Which nerve component type supplies the zygomaticus major muscle?
BE (or SVE)
Would a lesion in the parotid gland that paralyzes the zygomaticus major muscle also disrupt SVA fibers from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
No
Name a clinical condition encompassing the neurological symptoms of a lesion to the parotid gland
Bell's Palsy
What effect does the zygomaticus major muscle have on the nasolabial groove?
elevates and deepens it
Increased flow in the parotid duct is mediated by which cranial nerve?
CN IX
Which muscle is pierced by the parotid duct?
Buccinator muscle
At its origin, is the facial artery located superficial or deep to the investing (superficial) layer of cervical fascia?
Deep
The superior constrictor muscle shares a major part of its origin with which other muscle?
Buccinator muscle
Give the innervation of the superior constrictor muscle
Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus
Name a non-osseous origin for the superior constrictor muscle
Pterygomandibular raphe
Which other structure courses with the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa?
Chorda tympani
Which cranial nerve is the origin of the chorda tympani?
CN VII
Which bony foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve traverse?
Jugular foramen
Name a muscle supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Stylopharyngeus muscle (BE)
Would the chorda tympani nerve be affected by an inflammation immediately external to the stylomastoid foramen?
No
From which pharyngeal arch is the Buccinator muscle derived?
Arch II
Which cervical fascia covers the buccinator muscle?
Buccopharyngeal fascia
What is the buccinator muscle's origin?
Pterygomandibular raphe
Which nerve embraces the middle meningeal artery extracranially?
auriculotemporal nerve
Which foramen does the middle meningeal artery traverse?
Foramen spinosum
Which nerve accompanies the middle meningeal artery through the foramen spinosum?
(recurrent) meningeal branch of CN V3
At which vertebral level does the cricoid cartilage lie?
CV6
Name the submucosal layer comprising the pharyngeal wall.
Pharyngeal (pharyngobasilar) fascia
Is the inferior alveolar nerve sensory, motor, or both?
Both
Which muscle is associated with the articular disc of the TMJ?
(Upper head) Lateral pterygoid muscle
Which regions are supplied by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?
Piriform recess (fossa), epiglottis, and laryngeal mucosa superior to vocal fold
T/F - the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is minimally active during aerobic exercise
False
Of what is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch?
Vagus
With which artery is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve intimately associated superior to a spot between the trachea and esophagus (likely inferior to isthmus)?
Inferior thyroid artery

sorry, dunno how to better word this
Give the action of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Depresses the mandible, opening the jaw; protrudes the mandible; assists in side-to-side movement of the mandible
In which type of articulation is the arytenoid cartilage involved?
synovial (gliding)
With which structure does the arytenoid cartilage articulate?
Lamina of cricoid cartilage
Which nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers traverses the foramen ovale?
Lesser petrosal nerve
Are the fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve as it traverses the foramen ovale pre- or post-ganglionic?
Preganglionic
Which structures traverse the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar a/v/n
Give the functional letter code of any nerve traversing the mandibular foramen
inferior alveolar nerve - GSA
At which vertebral level does the superior cervical ganglion lie?
CV2
Which type of rami connect the superior cervical ganglion to respective spinal nerves?
Gray rami communicantes, respective spinal nerves being C1-C4
Which structure does the mylohoid nerve supply?
Mylohyoid m. and anterior belly of digastric m.
Which type of fibers does the mylohyoid nerve contain, and is it associated with a somite or a pharyngeal arch?
BE from pharyngeal arch I
Is the piriform recess medial or lateral to thyroid cartilage?
Medial
Does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply any mucosal regions?
Yes
Which intrinsic muscles are not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Cricothyroid m.
Three letter component code of recurrent laryngeal nerve?
BE, GVA, GVEp
Give the innervation of the inferior constrictor muscle
CNX via pharyngeal plexus and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Give innervation of the cricothyroid muscle
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
On which joint does the cricothyroid muscle act?
Cricothyroid joint
Via which foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull?
Stylomastoid foramen
Component code of facial nerve at the parotid gland?
BE
Name the deep fascia investing the levator anguli oris muscle
No deep fascia in face beyond the parotid gland
Of what is the infraorbital nerve a branch?
CN V2
Paroxysmal pain localized to field of distribution of the infraorbital nerve is termed what?
Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia)
Is the superior cervical ganglion connected to any spinal nerves?
Yes, C1-C4
Injury to the superior cervical ganglion would result in which clinical condition?
Horner's syndrome
Name a branch from the superior cervical ganglion which enters the thorax
Superior cervical cardiac nerve
Does the median cricothyroid ligament lie inferior or superior to the true vocal folds?
Inferior
Which artery courses vertically on the medial surface of the parotid gland?
External carotid a.
Which nerve courses superficially to that artery within the gland?
Facial
Which cranial nerve is sensory to the oropharynx?
CN 9
Which cranial nerve comprises the efferent limb of a reflex initiated by touching the oropharynx?
CN 10
Give the three letter code of CN 12, and what is the developmental reason for the answer?
(G)SE, and muscles derived from occipital somites
Which type of joint lies immediately anterior to the transverse ligament of the atlas?
Synovial (pivot)
Which structure conveys sudomotor fibers to the skin of the upper lip?
Facial a (superior labial artery)
Cutaneous pressure at the posterior margin of the zygomatic arch would compress which artery?
Superficial temporal artery
Is the medial pterygoid muscle of somatic or branchial origin?
Branchial (arch 1)
Which action does the medial pterygoid muscle not share with the masseter?
side-to-side translation and protrusion of the mandible
Which is more likely to initiate a cough - internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve?
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Within which layer of the scalp does the occipital artery course? S, C, A, L, or P?
C(onnective tissue - dense)
Secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland course with which named nerve derived from CN V?
auriculotemporal
Muscle inserting in the skin of the forehead is involved in expressing which emotion?
surprise
Blood returning from the lateral pterygoid muscle is normally collected into which plexus?
Pterygoid
Name the intracranial entity that is connected to the pterygoid plexus?
Cavernous sinus via pterygoid emissary veins
Which function types of fibers does hte internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve convey?
GVA, SVA, and GVE
Which mucosal entity extends closer to the midline of the airway under resting conditions, the vocal fold or the vestibular fold?
vocal fold
Give the motor root of CN 5's functional letter code
BE
Via which entities is the superior cervical ganglion attached to the respective spinal nerve?
Gray rami communicantes, C1-C4
Does the parietal pleura extend superior to the bony thorax?
Yes
Letter code for innervation of parietal pleura?
GSA
Is the stylopharyngeus muscle of somatic or pharyngeal arch derivation?
Pharyngeal arch III (CN 9)
Between which two muscles does the stylopharyngeus enter the pharyngeal wall?
Superior and middle constrictor muscles
Which nerve supplies the skin of the posterior scalp?
Greater occipital nerve (dorsal primary ramus of C2)
Which functional types of nerve fibers does the skin of the posterior scalp convey?
GSA and GVEs (GVEs to semispinalis capitis to extend the head)
In how many synovial joints does the dens of the axis participate?
Two
Which adult entity marks the site of the embryonic source of the thyroid gland?
Foramen cecum
With one word, describe the location of the vagus nerve relative to the ICA?
posterolateral