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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is the levator scapulae m. innervated by dorsal or ventral primary rami?
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ventral
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Which deep back muscle is associated with angle of a rib?
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Iliocostalis m.
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What upper limb muscle has origin from the thoracolumbar fascia?
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Latissimus dorsi muscle
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Unilateral contraction of the longissimus muscle produces which action?
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Lateral bending of the vertebral column to the ipsilateral side
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Does the most superior representative of the longissimus muscle lie superficial or deep to the splenius?
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deep
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What is the function of the multifidis muscle?
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Minimal extension and rotation of vertebral column toward opposite side and stabilizes the column (which is its most important function)
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Onto which bone does the semispinalis capitis muscle insert?
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occipital bone
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of which generic group of deep back muscles is the semispinalis cervicis muscle a member?
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Transversospinal
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Give the generic innervation of the semispinalis cervicis muscle?
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segmentally by dorsal (posterior) rami
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Which body plane is commonly used as a guide to located the LV4/5 interspinous space for lumbar puncture?
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supracristal (iliac crest)
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Give the insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle
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transverse process of CV1
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Give innervation of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle.
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suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus)
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Which foramen has the vertebral artery traversed?
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Transverse foramina of CV1-6
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Which meningeal space surrounds the dura mater of the spinal cord?
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epidural space
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at which vertebral level does the cavity of the dura mater end inferiorly?
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SV2
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Does the CSF occupy a space internal or external to the dura mater?
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internal
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At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
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LV1/LV2
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Name the terminus of the spinal cord?
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Conus medullaris
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What entity anchors the spinal cord laterally to the dura?
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denticulate ligaments
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Accentuation of the normal adult curvature typical of the region represented by the thoracic vertebra is clinically termed?
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Kyphosis
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Does the atlas rotate when one non-verbally indicates a negative response to a question?
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Yes
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Which structure functionally represents the body of the atlas?
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dens (odontoid process) of axis (C2)
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Which specific joint(s) is involved in the movement of the atlas and axis?
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median atlanto-axial articulation (dens-atlas) and lateral atlanto-axial articulation (zygopophyseal joints)
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Congenital failure of the lamina of any lumbar vertebra to fuse with its bilateral counterpart results in which clinically named condition?
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spina bifida
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Of what is the filum terminal internum a continuation?
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pia mater
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Sudden forceful movement of the head and neck in which direction is likely to stress the posterior longitudinal ligament?
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ventrally (hyperflexion)
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Which dermatomes is supplied by the greater occipital nerve?
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C2
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Does the greater occipital nerve provide any motor branches to the C2 dermatome?
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yes
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Which type of dura mater comprises the falx cerebri?
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meningeal dura
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Which surface feature of the brain does the falx cerebri occupy?
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longitudinal cerebral fissure
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Generally, blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus is in which direction: anterior or posterior?
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posterior
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via which bony foramen does the sigmoid sinus discharge its blood?
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jugular
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in which structure does the straight sinus lie?
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tentorium cerebelli
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The confluence of which structures form the straight sinus?
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Great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus
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What occupies the bregma in the neonate?
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anterior fontanelle
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Via which bony passage does the the internal artery enter the skull?
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Carotid canal
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At which point does the internal carotid artery have endothelium covering both its luminal and external surfaces?
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in the cavernous sinus
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Which type of dura mater comprises the diaphragma sellae?
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meningeal
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Which structure lies immediation inferior to the diaphragma sellae?
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Hypophysis
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The posterior clinoid process marks the posterior border of which fancifully named region?
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sella turcica
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The posterior clinoid process is part of which bone?
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sphenoid
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The posterior clinoid process lies at the boundary of which cranial fossae?
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middle and posterior
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the cavernous sinus is connection to the facial vein via which generic type of vein?
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emissary
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infection of the cavernous sinus could potentially compromise which nerves?
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CN III, IV, VI, V2, and V1
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Hemorrhage into the subdural space is principally from an artery or vein?
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vein
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Which meningeal dural structure is attached along the petrous ridge?
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tentorium cerebelli
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Which dural venous sinus lies along the petrous ridge?
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superior petrosal
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To what is the superior petrosal sinus tributary?
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Transverse/Sigmoid sinus junction
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Of which bone is the petrous ridge a part?
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Temporal
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Of which bone is the crista galli a part?
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ethmoid
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Which meningeal structure attaches to the crista galli?
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falx cerebri
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Via which opening does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull?
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superior orbital fissure
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Via which opening does the optic nerve enter the skull?
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optic canal
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Does the frontal bone develop as a paired or unpaired entity?
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paired
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What is transmitted via the mastoid foramen?
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(mastoid) emissary vein (and sometimes a meningeal artery)
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Of which bone is the mastoid process a part?
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temporal
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Name a muscle that inserts at the mastoid process.
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splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, SCM
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What occupies the carotid canal?
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internal carotid artery
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With which other foramina is the mental foramen colinear?
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supra- and infraorbital foramina
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Name the divisions of the trigeminal ganglion
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ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
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Is the trigeminal ganglion sensory or motor?
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sensory
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What is the source of the accessory nerve?
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cervical cord segments 1-5
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Which nerves are sensory to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa?
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upper cervical nn (C1-3) probably coursing with CNs X and XII
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Via which bne opening does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?
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carotid canal
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Does the nerve plexus surrounding the internal carotid artery comprise pre- or post-ganglionic nerve fibers?
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postganglionic
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Is the levatoris costae muscle innervated by a ventral or dorsal ramus?
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dorsal
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Give the innervation of the dura of the anterior cranial fossa?
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CN V1
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Give the three letter function code for the nerve fibers innervating CN V1
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GSA
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Give the location of the neuronal cell bodies of the neurons in the CN V1
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Trigeminal (semilunar, Gasserian ganglion)
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Does the falx cerebri comprise periosteal or meningeal dura?
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meningeal
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Name the nerve branch of the tentorium cerebelli
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tentorial branch, V1
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Which named nerve supplies the skin of the anterior scalp?
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supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve
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Which foramen do the supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve traverse?
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Supraorbital foramen and orbit
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Which fiber components do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves carry?
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GSA
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Is the orbicularis oculi muscle (palepebral portion) of branchiomeric origin? If so, which arch?
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yes, arch II
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Give the letter code designating the nerve supply of the orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral portion)?
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BE (SVE)
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Is the orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral portion) paralyzed in Horner's syndrome?
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no
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Which nerve component type supplies the zygomaticus major muscle?
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BE (or SVE)
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Would a lesion in the parotid gland that paralyzes the zygomaticus major muscle also disrupt SVA fibers from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
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No
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Name a clinical condition encompassing the neurological symptoms of a lesion to the parotid gland
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Bell's Palsy
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What effect does the zygomaticus major muscle have on the nasolabial groove?
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elevates and deepens it
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Increased flow in the parotid duct is mediated by which cranial nerve?
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CN IX
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Which muscle is pierced by the parotid duct?
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Buccinator muscle
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At its origin, is the facial artery located superficial or deep to the investing (superficial) layer of cervical fascia?
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Deep
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The superior constrictor muscle shares a major part of its origin with which other muscle?
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Buccinator muscle
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Give the innervation of the superior constrictor muscle
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Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus
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Name a non-osseous origin for the superior constrictor muscle
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Pterygomandibular raphe
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Which other structure courses with the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa?
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Chorda tympani
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Which cranial nerve is the origin of the chorda tympani?
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CN VII
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Which bony foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve traverse?
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Jugular foramen
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Name a muscle supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
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Stylopharyngeus muscle (BE)
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Would the chorda tympani nerve be affected by an inflammation immediately external to the stylomastoid foramen?
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No
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From which pharyngeal arch is the Buccinator muscle derived?
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Arch II
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Which cervical fascia covers the buccinator muscle?
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Buccopharyngeal fascia
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What is the buccinator muscle's origin?
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Pterygomandibular raphe
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Which nerve embraces the middle meningeal artery extracranially?
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auriculotemporal nerve
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Which foramen does the middle meningeal artery traverse?
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Foramen spinosum
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Which nerve accompanies the middle meningeal artery through the foramen spinosum?
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(recurrent) meningeal branch of CN V3
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At which vertebral level does the cricoid cartilage lie?
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CV6
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Name the submucosal layer comprising the pharyngeal wall.
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Pharyngeal (pharyngobasilar) fascia
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Is the inferior alveolar nerve sensory, motor, or both?
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Both
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Which muscle is associated with the articular disc of the TMJ?
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(Upper head) Lateral pterygoid muscle
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Which regions are supplied by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?
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Piriform recess (fossa), epiglottis, and laryngeal mucosa superior to vocal fold
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T/F - the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is minimally active during aerobic exercise
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False
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Of what is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch?
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Vagus
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With which artery is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve intimately associated superior to a spot between the trachea and esophagus (likely inferior to isthmus)?
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Inferior thyroid artery
sorry, dunno how to better word this |
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Give the action of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle
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Depresses the mandible, opening the jaw; protrudes the mandible; assists in side-to-side movement of the mandible
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In which type of articulation is the arytenoid cartilage involved?
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synovial (gliding)
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With which structure does the arytenoid cartilage articulate?
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Lamina of cricoid cartilage
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Which nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers traverses the foramen ovale?
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Lesser petrosal nerve
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Are the fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve as it traverses the foramen ovale pre- or post-ganglionic?
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Preganglionic
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Which structures traverse the mandibular foramen?
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Inferior alveolar a/v/n
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Give the functional letter code of any nerve traversing the mandibular foramen
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inferior alveolar nerve - GSA
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At which vertebral level does the superior cervical ganglion lie?
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CV2
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Which type of rami connect the superior cervical ganglion to respective spinal nerves?
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Gray rami communicantes, respective spinal nerves being C1-C4
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Which structure does the mylohoid nerve supply?
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Mylohyoid m. and anterior belly of digastric m.
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Which type of fibers does the mylohyoid nerve contain, and is it associated with a somite or a pharyngeal arch?
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BE from pharyngeal arch I
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Is the piriform recess medial or lateral to thyroid cartilage?
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Medial
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Does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply any mucosal regions?
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Yes
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Which intrinsic muscles are not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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Cricothyroid m.
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Three letter component code of recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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BE, GVA, GVEp
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Give the innervation of the inferior constrictor muscle
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CNX via pharyngeal plexus and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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Give innervation of the cricothyroid muscle
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External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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On which joint does the cricothyroid muscle act?
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Cricothyroid joint
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Via which foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull?
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Stylomastoid foramen
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Component code of facial nerve at the parotid gland?
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BE
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Name the deep fascia investing the levator anguli oris muscle
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No deep fascia in face beyond the parotid gland
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Of what is the infraorbital nerve a branch?
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CN V2
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Paroxysmal pain localized to field of distribution of the infraorbital nerve is termed what?
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Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia)
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Is the superior cervical ganglion connected to any spinal nerves?
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Yes, C1-C4
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Injury to the superior cervical ganglion would result in which clinical condition?
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Horner's syndrome
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Name a branch from the superior cervical ganglion which enters the thorax
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Superior cervical cardiac nerve
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Does the median cricothyroid ligament lie inferior or superior to the true vocal folds?
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Inferior
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Which artery courses vertically on the medial surface of the parotid gland?
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External carotid a.
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Which nerve courses superficially to that artery within the gland?
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Facial
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Which cranial nerve is sensory to the oropharynx?
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CN 9
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Which cranial nerve comprises the efferent limb of a reflex initiated by touching the oropharynx?
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CN 10
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Give the three letter code of CN 12, and what is the developmental reason for the answer?
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(G)SE, and muscles derived from occipital somites
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Which type of joint lies immediately anterior to the transverse ligament of the atlas?
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Synovial (pivot)
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Which structure conveys sudomotor fibers to the skin of the upper lip?
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Facial a (superior labial artery)
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Cutaneous pressure at the posterior margin of the zygomatic arch would compress which artery?
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Superficial temporal artery
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Is the medial pterygoid muscle of somatic or branchial origin?
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Branchial (arch 1)
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Which action does the medial pterygoid muscle not share with the masseter?
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side-to-side translation and protrusion of the mandible
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Which is more likely to initiate a cough - internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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Within which layer of the scalp does the occipital artery course? S, C, A, L, or P?
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C(onnective tissue - dense)
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Secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland course with which named nerve derived from CN V?
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auriculotemporal
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Muscle inserting in the skin of the forehead is involved in expressing which emotion?
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surprise
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Blood returning from the lateral pterygoid muscle is normally collected into which plexus?
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Pterygoid
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Name the intracranial entity that is connected to the pterygoid plexus?
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Cavernous sinus via pterygoid emissary veins
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Which function types of fibers does hte internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve convey?
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GVA, SVA, and GVE
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Which mucosal entity extends closer to the midline of the airway under resting conditions, the vocal fold or the vestibular fold?
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vocal fold
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Give the motor root of CN 5's functional letter code
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BE
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Via which entities is the superior cervical ganglion attached to the respective spinal nerve?
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Gray rami communicantes, C1-C4
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Does the parietal pleura extend superior to the bony thorax?
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Yes
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Letter code for innervation of parietal pleura?
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GSA
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Is the stylopharyngeus muscle of somatic or pharyngeal arch derivation?
|
Pharyngeal arch III (CN 9)
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Between which two muscles does the stylopharyngeus enter the pharyngeal wall?
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Superior and middle constrictor muscles
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Which nerve supplies the skin of the posterior scalp?
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Greater occipital nerve (dorsal primary ramus of C2)
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Which functional types of nerve fibers does the skin of the posterior scalp convey?
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GSA and GVEs (GVEs to semispinalis capitis to extend the head)
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In how many synovial joints does the dens of the axis participate?
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Two
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Which adult entity marks the site of the embryonic source of the thyroid gland?
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Foramen cecum
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With one word, describe the location of the vagus nerve relative to the ICA?
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posterolateral
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