Head And Neck Anatomy

Front 1

CN I

Back 1

Olfactory nerve
Foramina of cribriform plate
Sensory

Front 2

CN II

Back 2

Optic nerve
Optic canal
Sensory

Front 3

CN III

Back 3

Oculomotor nerve
Superior orbital fissure
Motor

Front 4

CN IV

Back 4

Trochlear nerve
Superior orbital fissure
Motor

Front 5

CN V

Back 5

Trigeminal nerve
V1 - Opthalmic nerve - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - Maxillary nerve - Foramen rotundum
V3 - Mandibular nerve - Foramen ovale
Mixed

Front 6

CN VI

Back 6

Abducent nerve
Superior orbital fissure
Motor

Front 7

CN VII

Back 7

Facial nerve
Internal acoustic meatus
Mixed

Front 8

CN VIII

Back 8

Vestibulocochlear nerve
Internal acoustic meatus
Sensory

Front 9

CN IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Jugular foramen
Mixed

Front 10

CN X

Back 10

Vagus nerve
Jugular foramen
Mixed

Front 11

CN XI

Back 11

Accessory nerve
Jugular foramen
Motor

Front 12

CN XII

Back 12

Hypoglossal nerve
Hypoglossal canal
Motor

Front 13

Pharyngeal arch 1

Back 13

Maxillary artery
V2 and V3
Maxilla, Mandible, Malleus and Incus
Muscles of mastication

Front 14

Pharyngeal arch 2

Back 14

Stapedial -> corticotympanic artery
VII
Stapes, styloid process, hyoid
Muscles of facial expression

Front 15

Pharyngeal arch 3

Back 15

Common carotid (root of internal)
IX Glossopharyngeal
Hyoid, thymus
Stylopharyngeus

Front 16

Pharyngeal arch 4

Back 16

Right: subclavian, Left: aortic arch
Superlaryngeal branch of vagus
Laryngeal cartilages
Pharynx constrictors, veli palatini, cricothyroid

Front 17

Pharyngeal arch 6

Back 17

Ductus arteriosis, pulmonary arteries
Recurrent branch of vagus X
Laryngeal cartilage
Intrinsic muscles of larynx
Laryngeal cartilage

Front 18

Pharyngeal clefts (clinical problem?)

Back 18

1st -> External acoustic meatus
Others are overrun by 2nd arch and collapse but can causes cysts

Front 19

Pharyngeal pouch 1

Back 19

Middle Ear
Eustachian tube

Front 20

Pharyngeal pouch 2

Back 20

Palatine tonsil

Front 21

Pharyngeal pouch 3

Back 21

Thymus
Inferior parathyroids

Front 22

Pharyngeal pouch 4

Back 22

Superior parathyroids

Front 23

Pharyngeal pouch 6

Back 23

C (calcitonin) cells of thyroid

Front 24

Holoprosencephaly

Back 24

Failure of separation of forebrain into 2 hemispheres

Front 25

Anterior fontanelle

Back 25

b/w 2 frontal and 2 parietal bones at birth
Closes fully to become BREGMA at ~ 2 yr

Front 26

What supplies the dura?

Back 26

Middle meningeal

Front 27

Venous flow of CSF

Back 27

Arachnoid granulations -> superior sagittal sinus -> transverse sinus -> sigmoid sinus

Front 28

What does the cavernous sinus contain?

Back 28

III, IV, V, VI, internal carotid

Front 29

Lacrimal nerve includes?

Back 29

Sensory for lateral upper eye
Postganglionic parasympathetics from VII to lacrimal gland

Front 30

Layers of scalp

Back 30

Skin
dense Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
-
Infections travel in Loose
Blood vessels in dense Conn

Front 31

Structures in parotid gland

Back 31

Arteries: sup. temporal, maxillary, transverse facial
Veins: sup. temporal, maxillary, retromandibular
Nerves: VII and five motor branches, auriculotemporal

Front 32

Important branches of maxillary artery (5, nerves have same name)

Back 32

Inferior alveolar - mandible/teeth
Middle meningeal - spinosum -> dura
Descending palatine - PG canal, roof of mouth
Infraorbital - inferior orbital fissure
Sphenopalatine - SP foramen -> nasal cavity

Front 33

Anterior branch of V3

Back 33

Mostly motor (masseter, temporal, lat PG)
Sensory: Long buccal pierces buccinator to inside of cheek + gingiva)

Front 34

Posterior branch of V3

Back 34

All sensory except n. to mylohyoid
Aurciotemporal - parotid, tmj
Lingual - ant 2/3 tongue sense
Inferior alveolar - inferior teeth/incisors, mental br to chin/low lip

Front 35

Extrinsic muscles of tongue (4 and innervation)

Back 35

Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
All by XII except palatoglossus by X

Front 36

Level of angle of mandible

Back 36

C2

Front 37

Level of hyoid

Back 37

C3

Front 38

Level of thyroid cartilage

Back 38

C4/C5

Front 39

Level of cricoid

Back 39

C6

Front 40

Level of carotid bifurcation

Back 40

C4

Front 41

Embryonic origin of external acoustic meatus?

Back 41

1st pharyngeal groove

Front 42

Embryonic origin of middle ear?

Back 42

1st pharyngeal pouch

Front 43

Main nerve supply for TMJ

Back 43

Auriculotemporal

Front 44

Cervical plexus

Back 44

C2-C4
Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular
Phrenic

Front 45

Three parts of subclavian

Back 45

Medial - vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk
Posterior to ant scalene - costocervical trunk (sup intercostal and deep cervical
Lateral - dorsal scapular

Front 46

Relationship of inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 46

Inferior thyroid artery passes directly over recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 47

Location of tracheostomy vs cricothyrotomy

Back 47

Tracheostomy - b/w 1st tracheal rings
Circothyrotomy - in cricothyroid membrane

Front 48

Hangman's fracture

Back 48

Fracture of both pedicles of C2 by forcible hyperextension of neck

Front 49

What is the innervation of the dura?

Back 49

Tentorium cerebelli - V1
Anterior cranial fossa - ant/post ethmoidal (from nasociliary from V1)
Middle cranial fossa - meningeal branches of V2 and V3
Posterior cranial fossa - meningeal branches of vagus and hypoglossal

Front 50

What innervates the nasal septum?

Back 50

Nasopalatine

Front 51

What goes through the incisive foramen?

Back 51

Nasopalatine nerve and anterior palatine (greater) vessels

Front 52

Virchow's node

Back 52

Supraclavicular node near where thoracic duct drains into subclavian
Sentinel for abdominal cancer

Front 53

Sphenomandibular ligament

Back 53

From spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible
Limits depression of mandible

Front 54

What does the arcuate eminence signify?

Back 54

On petrous portion of temporal bone
Superior semicircular canal

Front 55

What travels in the mastoid foramen?

Back 55

Emissary vein from posterior auricular region to sigmoid sinus

Front 56

What travels in the pterygopalatine canal? (3)

Back 56

Descending (greater and lesser) palatine nerves, artery, and vein

Front 57

3 routes into pterygopalatine fossa

Back 57

1. Pterygomaxillary fissure (maxillary a.)
2. Foramen rotundum (V2)
3. Pterygopalatine canal (vidian n.)

Front 58

4 routes out of pterygopalatine fossa

Back 58

1. Infraorbital canal -> foramen (anterior)
2. Inferior orbital fissure (superior)
3. Palatine canal (greater and lesser (inferior)
4. Sphenopalatine foramen (medial)

Front 59

Pterion location

Back 59

Junction of frontal, parietal, temoral, and sphenoid bones

Front 60

Location of otic and pterygopalatine ganglia

Back 60

Otic - outside foramen ovale (associated w/ V3)
Pterygopalatine - outside foramen rotundum (associated w/ V2)

Front 61

Contribution to and course of greater petrosal

Back 61

Superior salivatory nucleus -> intermediate nerve -> internal acoustic meatus -> geniculate ganglion -> facial hiatus -> over foramen lacerum and joined by deep petrosal -> vidian nerve into vidian (pterygoid) canal -> pterygopalatine ganglion synapse -> lacrimal gland via zygomatic (V2) to lacrimal (V1) and to mucosal glands in nasal cavity and soft palate via branches of V2

Front 62

Contribution to and course of chorda tympani

Back 62

Parasympathetics to submandib and sublingual glands:
superior salivatory nucleus -> internal acoustic meatus -> geniculate ganglion -> chorda tympani in middle ear -> petrotympanic fissure -> lingual nerve (V3) -> submandibular ganglion (parasymp) or lingual nerve (taste)

Front 63

Contribution to and course of lesser petrosal

Back 63

Inferior salivatory nucleus -> IX -> jugular foramen -> tympanic nerve of jacobsen -> tympanic caniliculus -> middle ear -> lesser petrosal w/ sympathetic contributions -> middle cranial fossa -> foramen ovale -> synapse in otic ganglion -> auriculotemporal nerve (V3) -> parotid

Front 64

Dynamics of TMJ

Back 64

Upper joint cavity - free gliding joint
Lower joint cavity - hinge

Front 65

3 ligaments of TMJ

Back 65

Stylomandibular - styloid process to angle of mandible, not a true ligament
Sphenomandibular - spine of sphenoid to lingulaof mandible
Temperomandibular (lateral) - only major ligamentous stabilizer of TMJ

Front 66

Epidural vs subdural hematoma

Back 66

Epidural - lens shaped
Subdural - sickle-shaped

Front 67

Muscles causing depression of mandible

Back 67

Digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

Front 68

Nerves that directly communicate w/ pterygopalatine ganglion (5)

Back 68

From V2:
Greater + lesser palatine -> respective palatine foramen
Nasal branches/nasopalatine -> sphenopalatine and incisive foramen
Pharyngeal -> pharyngeal foramen
Nerve of pterygoid canal -> pterygoid canal at base of medial pterygoid plate

Front 69

Sensory supply to pharynx

Back 69

Nasopharynx above eustachian tubes - pharyngeal nerve V2
Nasopharynx below eustachian tube and oral pharynx - IX
Laryngeal pharynx - X

Front 70

What nerve runs along the clivus

Back 70

VI
Most susceptible to injury when internal carotid has problems

Front 71

Location and content of tympanic canaliculi

Back 71

Carries tympanic nerve of Jacobsen preganglionic parasympathetics to parotid gland
Located posterior to carotid canal

Front 72

What muscle is responsible for uvula deviation in lesion?

Back 72

Palatoglossus innervated by X
Deviates to side opp lesion

Front 73

What opens into the superior meatus?

Back 73

Posterior ethmoidal cells

Front 74

Opening for middle ethmoidal air cells

Back 74

Ethmoidal bulla in middle meatus

Front 75

Kiesselbach's area (5 arteries)

Back 75

Anastomotic pleux near vestibule on septum: ant+post ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial from facial

Front 76

Innervation to lateral nasal wall (5)

Back 76

Posterior superior lateral nasal branch of V2
Posterior inferior lateral nasal branch of greater palatine (V2)
Nasal branch of superior alveolar (V2)
Internal nasal branch of infraorbital (V2)
Lateral internal branch of anterior ethmoidal (V1)

Front 77

Adductors of vocal ligaments (3)

Back 77

Transverse interarytenoids
Oblique interarytenoids
Lateral cricoarytenoids

Front 78

Abductors of vocal ligaments

Back 78

Posterior cricoarytenoids

Front 79

Modulators of vocal ligaments (3)

Back 79

Thyroarytenoids - relax
Vocalis (most medial part of thyroarytenoids) - relax
Cricothyroid - tense

Front 80

Laryngeal cough reflex

Back 80

Foreign body touching surface of larynx irritates internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Front 81

Lymphatic drainage of larynx

Back 81

Above vocal cords - superior node of superior deep cervical
Below cords - inferior node of superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 82

Cleft lip results from failure of fusion of which structures?

Back 82

Medial nasal process and maxillary prominence