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82 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Preganglionic sympathetic neuron in the
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Intermediolateral grey column or horn
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Preganglionic sympathetic fibers from
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T1 to L2
remember 12 thoracic regions |
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Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers on the postsympathetic neuron
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super cervical ganglion
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preganglionic sympathetic fibers for the head region from
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T1 to T4
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Trace the sympathetic nerve supply to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris
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Preganglionic fibers from the intermediolateral horm of T1-T4 that ascend to superior cervical ganglion to end in the postganglionic neuron where the postganglionic fibers leave and follow blood vessels to the dilator muscle in the iris of the eye. The fibers go through the ciliary ganglion but they do not synapse there
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All the sympathetic fibers in the head are postganglionic fibers so the don't synapse example
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Fibers to submand glands pass submand ganglion but do not synapse
Fibers to lacrimal gland,palatal glands , nasal and paranasal glands pass thru pterygopalatine ganglion but do not synapse |
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Horner's syndrome
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unilateral
side of face flushes because vasodilation full of blood Feel warm to touch(vasodilation) eyelids ptosis pupil constricted : dilators knocked out so constrictors kick in skin absolutely dry, scaly and not perspiring |
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cell bodies for the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic are located in
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The autonomic nuclei (multipolar cells located within the brain stem of the CNS) which send their preganglionic neurons along the branches of the 3,7,9,10 and 11th CN . Other groups of nerve cell bodies are located in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral segments of the spinal cord
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swelling of the upper and lower eyelids
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facial space between the muscles of facial expressions where there is no barrier to spread the infection
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pain on swallowing
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parapharyngeal space
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difficulty breathing with wheezing noise
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peritracheal space
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dysphagia or inability to swallow
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periesophangeal
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dilated pulsating veins of the neck
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mediastinum
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infection which started initially in one of the sublingual spaces of the head can spread into one or more of the following spaces
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contralateral sublingual space
submandibular |
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For the infection to reach the buccal surgical space the pus has to perforate the mandible
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below the buccinator muscle attachment
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If a patient with a swelling of the buccal space becomes unable to open his mouth(trismus)the infection more likely has reached one or more of the following surgical spaces
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temporalis
pterygomandibular masseteric |
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Infection in the parapharyngeal space is likely to spread into one of the following spaces
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superior mediastinum
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The isthmus of the thyroid gland is
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projects upward into the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid
attached to the thyroglossal duct |
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Which vein does not accompany the artery with the same name
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Inferior thyroid vein
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cricothyroidotomy is safe because
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the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage is broad post. and therefore should protect the post. esophagus from injury
isthmus of the thyroid is rarely damaged no vital structures exist between the skin and the cricothyroid membrane |
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vital structures to be protected during a tracheotomy
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inferior thyroid veins
isthmus of the thyroid gland thyroid ima artery |
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What is a fascia
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a dense fibrous tissue sheets arranged to enclose and protect muscles, glands or vital structures
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visceral fascia encloses
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thyroid
trachea esophagus pharynx larynx |
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fascia that sorrounds parotid and submand glands
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investing fascia
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investing or deep fascia of the head
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encloses muscles of mastication,parotid,submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, sorrounds buccinator muscles, muscles of the floor of the mouth(suprahyoid muscles)
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a fascia that encloses the platysma muscle
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a superficial fascia
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middle cervical fascia
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part of the investing fascia of the neck
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The superficial fascia that surrounds muscles of facial of facial expressions is continuos that surrounds
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platysma muscles
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visceral fascia sorrounds
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visceral units of the neck:
sorrounds the constrictor muscles larynx trachea esophagus thyroid gland |
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buccal pharyngeal fascia sorrounds buccinator with
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superior constrictor muscle through the pterygomandibular raphe
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Alar fascia connects the carotid sheath with
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the visceral fascia
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What connects the pterygoid plexus in the infratemporal fossa with the carvenous sinus
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maxillary vein
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submandibular(digastric) triangle borders
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Ant: Anterior belly of digastric
post: post. belly of digastric and stylohyoid above: base of the mandible |
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muscular triangle borders
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Ant: Midline of neck
Post: anterior of the sternocleiodmastoid muscle above: superior belly of omohyoid |
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boundaries of carotid
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posterior belly of digastric
anterior border of sternomastoid superior belly of omohyoid |
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Tonsillar node
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Jugulo-digastric
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Tongue node
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Jugulo-omohyoid
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The postganglionic sympathetic fibers to structures in the head region are processes of what neuron
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Superior cervical ganglion
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carotid sinus
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Is a dilated area in the area of bifurcation of the CCA at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and is sensitive oi pressure changes in the arterial blood at this level
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Medial branch of the ECA
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Ascending pharyngeal artery
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carotid body
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a chemoreceptor located in the posterior surface of the CCA bifurcation in the carotid triangle
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C1
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Has no sensory innervation
All motor to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid |
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Ansa cervicalis invervates
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strap muscles of the neck : sternohyoid,sternothyroid,omohyoid
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Descendens cervicalis
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C2,C3,
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descendens hypoglossi
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C1
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The IJV is
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receives the sigmoid venous sinus at the jugular foramen
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This nerve gives rise to the nerve that will branch into the internal and external layngeal nerves
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Vagus nerve
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Muscles at the floor of the carotid triangle
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middle pharyngeal constrictor
inferior pharyngeal constrictor longus capitus thyrohyoid hyoglossus |
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The superior cervical ganglion and other ganglia located in respect to common carotid sheath
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lateral to the carotid sheath
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The afferent nerve from the carotid sinus is
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glossopharyngeal nerve
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muscles on the floor of the posterior triangle
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Levator scapulae
scaleneus medius splenius capitis scalenus posterior |
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which nerves innervate the sternocleidomastoid
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spinal accessory
C2, C3 |
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Which veins join to form EJV
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the posterior auricular and posterior division of retromandibular vein
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Branches of cervical plexus in the posterior triangle
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lesser occipital (C2)
anterior cutaneous or transverse (C2,C3) supraclavicular nerves (C3,C4) great auricular nerve((C2,C3) |
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EJV
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union of posterior auricular with posterior division of retromandibular V
Terminate into subclavian vein Branches Posterior auricular Vein Post division of retromandibular V Anterior Jugular vein Transverse cervical suprascapular |
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IJV
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Begin bey continuation of sigmoid sinus
Ends by joining subclavian to form brachiocephalic vein Branches Inferior petrosal sinus common facial Vein Lingual vein superior and middle thyroid veins pharyngeal vein |
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AJV
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begins in the submental plexus of veins
Terminates into EJV Branches Submental Vein |
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Cervical plexus
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ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C4
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Brachial plexus
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C5-T1
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Trapezius innervated by
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spinal accessory nerve and branches of C3 and C4
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Spinal accessory nerve
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Enter cranial cavity thru jugular magnum
consists of spinal and cranial part supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius joins vagus nerve arises from nucleus ambiguus in medulla oblongata |
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EJV
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used to monitor central venous pressure during physical examination
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Sternocleidomastoid action
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turning face to the opposite side
lateral flexion of the neck flexion of the neck forwards if both muscles contract at the same time |
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cricothyroidotomy
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level just below thyroid cartilage
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Foramen cecum
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Frontal and ethmoid bone
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Emissary vein
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Incisive canal
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Maxilla
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nasopalatine nerve
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Supraorbital foramen
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frontal
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supraorbital nerve,artery,vein
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Infraorbital foramen
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sphenoid and maxilla
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infraorbital nerve V2, artery and vein
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optic canal
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sphenoid
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optic nerve (II) and opthalmic artery
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Superior orbital fissure
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sphenoid between greather an lesser wings
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oculomotor III, trochlear IV, abducens VI, trigeminal V1- lacrimal,frontal and nasociliary nerves and superior ophthalmic vein
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inferior orbital fissure
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sphenoid,maxilla
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V2,infraorbital vessels,ascending branches of sphenopalatine ganglion
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formane rotundum
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sphenoid
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V2
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ovale
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sphenoid
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V3,lesser petrosal nerve
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spinosum
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sphenoid
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middle meningeal artery and vein
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petrotympanic fissure
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temporal
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chorday tymphani, anterior tymphanic artery
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lacerum
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temporal and sphenoid
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greater and deep petrosal nerves ( internal carotid artery runs over top)
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internal acoustic meatus
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temporal (petrous)
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VII and VIII
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stylomastoid foramen
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temporal
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facial nerve VII
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jugular foramen
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temporal and occipital
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IJV,IX,X,XI
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foramen magnum
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occipital
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medulla oblongata,spinal cord,vertebral arteries,spinal accessory nerve
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mandibular foramen
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mandible
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inferior alveolar nerve,artery,vein
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mental foramen
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mandible
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mental nerve,artery and vein
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