Head And Cranium And Orbits

Front 1

What is the dome-like roof of the cranial vault called?

Back 1

Calvaria (skullcap)

Front 2

The cranium consists of 2 parts: functional and structural. What are they?

Back 2

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

Front 3

What are the major bones of the cranium?

Back 3

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Front 4

What are some features of the facial aspect of the cranium?

Back 4

Frontal bones

Zygomatic bones

Orbits

Nasal region

Maxillae

Mandible

Front 5

What forms the prominences of the cheeks?

Back 5

Zygomatic bones

Front 6

What is the pear-shaped nasal opening of the cranium called?

Back 6

Piriform

Front 7

What divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts?

Back 7

Nasal septum

Front 8

On the lateral wall of each nasal cavity are curved bony plates. What are they?

Back 8

Nasal conchae

Front 9

What is the highest part on the sagittal suture called?

Back 9

Vertex

Front 10

What bone contains a squamous part, which is external to the lateral surface of this lobe of the brain?

Back 10

Temporal bone

Front 11

What is the hardest bone in the skull and encloses the internal and external middle ears?

Back 11

Petrous part of temporal bone

Front 12

Which part of the temporal bone houses the external auditory meatus and tympanic cavity?

Back 12

Tympanic part of temporal bone

Front 13

What bone consists of squamous, basilar, and 2 lateral condylar parts?

Back 13

Occipital bone

Front 14

What houses the sphenoid sinus, the greater and lesser wings, and pterygoid process?

Back 14

Sphenoid bone

Front 15

What is located between the orbits and consists of the cribiform plate?

Back 15

Ethmoid bone

Front 16

What are the immovable fibrous joints between the bones of the skull?

Back 16

Sutures

Front 17

What are the openings within the orbits? (3)

Back 17

Superior and inferior orbital fissures

Optic canal

Front 18

What is the name of the formation of an "H" like shape of sutures that combine the frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing), and temporal bones?

Back 18

Pterion

Front 19

The external acoustic opening is the entrance to the external acoustic meatus (ear canal), which leads to what structure?

Back 19

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Front 20

What structure of the temporal bone lies postero-inferior to the external acoustic meatus?

Back 20

Mastoid process

Front 21

What two structures comprise the nasal septum? (2)

Back 21

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Vomer (its own bone)

Front 22

What is the name of the site that creates the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures?

Back 22

Lambda (can sometimes be felt as a depression)

Front 23

What is the bony prominence that is easily felt on the back of the head?

Back 23

External occipital protruberance

Front 24

What suture lies between the frontal and parietal bones?

Back 24

Coronal suture

Front 25

What suture lies between the 2 parietal bones?

Back 25

Sagittal suture

Front 26

What lies between the parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal bone?

Back 26

Squamous suture

Front 27

What is the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures?

Back 27

Bregma

Front 28

A skull fracture here may rupture the middle meningeal artery?

Back 28

Pterion

Front 29

A fracture of this part of the temporal bone may cause blood or CSF to escape from the ear, hearing loss, and facial nerve damage?

Back 29

Petrous part of temporal bone

Front 30

A fracture here causes periorbital bruising (raccoon eyes)?

Back 30

Anterior cranial fossa

Front 31

What accompanies the internal laryngeal nerve? (artery)

Back 31

Superior laryngeal artery

Front 32

What accompanies the external laryngeal nerve? (artery)

Back 32

Superior thyroid artery

Front 33

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the mucosa of the upper pharynx?

Back 33

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

Front 34

What provides sensory innervation to the lower pharynx and larynx?

Back 34

Vagus nerve

Front 35

What kind of fibers, (afferent or efferent) does the superior cervical ganglion not contain?

Back 35

Afferent fibers

Front 36

The external laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle and what other pharyngeal muscles?

Back 36

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muslces

Front 37

Profuse bleeding from the deep cervical artery would be cause to ligate which artery in order to stop the bleeding?

Back 37

Costocervical

Front 38

Numbness to the tip of the nose would be damage to what nerve?

Back 38

Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

Front 39

Crocodile tears syndrome (lacrimation during eating) is caused by a lesion of which nerve?

Back 39

Facial nerve (proximal to geniculate ganglion)

Front 40

During crocodile tear syndrome, parasympathetic fibers are misdirected from these glands, to these other glands?

Back 40

From salivary glands to lacrimal glands

Front 41

Frey's Syndrome results in this happening while eating?

Back 41

Sweating

Front 42

Damage to this nerve will cause Frey's Syndrome?

Back 42

Auriculotemporal nerve

Front 43

Where does the chorda tympani join the lingual nerve? (fossa)

Back 43

Infratemporal fossa

Front 44

What type of fibers does the chorda tympani carry to this ganglion? (2 part answer)

Back 44

Parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion

Front 45

What glands are supplied after synapse occurs in the submandibular ganglion? (2)

Back 45

Sublingual salivary glands

Submandibular salivary glands

Front 46

The facial nerve provides presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to this ganglion for innervation to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands?

Back 46

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 47

What special sensory feature is carried by the chorda tympani when it joins the lingual nerve?

Back 47

Taste sensation from the anterior 2/3rds of tongue and soft palate

Front 48

Dryness of the nose and palate would indicate a lesion of what ganglia?

Back 48

Pterygopalatine ganglion

(postganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate here to innervate glands in palate and nasal mucosa)

Front 49

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from which ganglion supply the parotid gland?

Back 49

Otic ganglion

Front 50

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from which ganglion supply the ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae?

Back 50

Ciliary ganglion

Front 51

The sella turcica contains this gland resting in its groove?

Back 51

Pituitary gland

Front 52

What sinus rests on both sides of the sella turcica and body of the sphenoid bone?

Back 52

Cavernous sinus

Front 53

How many dural foldings of the brain are there?

Back 53

4

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

Diaphragma sellae

Front 54

What is the largest dural infolding and is sickle-shaped?

Back 54

Falx cerebri

Front 55

What separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

Back 55

Longitudinal cerebral fissures

Front 56

The falx cerebri ends posteriorly by becoming continuous with what structure?

Back 56

Tentorium cerebelli

Front 57

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

Back 57

Occipital lobes of cerebral hemisphere from cerebellum

Front 58

What passes through the tentorial notch?

Back 58

Brainstem

Front 59

What compartments does the tentorium cerebelli divide the cranial cavity into? (2 structures)

Back 59

Supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

Front 60

What is the smallest dural infolding , forming a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa?

Back 60

Diaphragm sellae

Front 61

What gland does the diaphragm sellae cover?

Back 61

Pituitary gland

Front 62

Large veins from the surface of the brain and from the diploë empty into these sinuses?

Back 62

Dural venous sinuses

Front 63

What sinus begins at the crista galli and ends near the internal occipital protuberance at the confluence of sinuses?

Back 63

Superior sagittal sinus

Front 64

These granulations drain CSF into the venous system?

Back 64

Arachnoid granulations (vili)

Front 65

What is smaller than the superior sagittal sinus, and ends in the straight sinus?

Back 65

Inferior sagittal sinus

Front 66

What is formed by the union of the great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus?

Back 66

Straight sinus

(it joins the confluence of sinuses)

Front 67

What leaves the confluence of sinuses and becomes the sigmoid sinuses?

Back 67

Transverse sinuses

Front 68

What follow S-shaped courses in the posterior cranial fossa, forming deep grooves in the temporal and occipital bones?

Back 68

Sigmoid sinuses

Front 69

What vein do the sigmoid sinuses become?

Back 69

Internal jugular vein

Front 70

What does the occipital sinus communicate with?

Back 70

Internal vertebral venous plexus

Front 71

What 3 structures do the cavernous sinuses receive blood from?

Back 71

Superior/inferior opthalmic veins

Superficial middle cerebral veins

Sphenoparietal sinus

Front 72

How do the venous channels in the cavernous sinuses communicate with eachother?

Back 72

Through intercavernous sinuses

Front 73

Where do the cavernous sinuses drain into?

Back 73

Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

Emissary veins to ptergygoid venous plexuses

Front 74

What major artery courses through the cavernous sinus?

Back 74

Internal carotid artery

Front 75

What nerve crosses the internal carotid artery?

Back 75

Abducent nerve (VI)

Front 76

Name the nerves that line the lateral wall of the cavervous sinuses? (Superior to inferior-4)

One is medial (1)

Back 76

Lateral:

Oculomotor (CN III)

Trochlear (CN IV)

Opthalmic (CN V1)

Maxillary (CN V2)

Medial:

Abducens (CN VI)

Front 77

What plexus connects the inferior petrosal sinuses and communicates inferiorly with the internal vertebral venous plexus?

Back 77

Basilar plexus

Front 78

What veins connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium?

Back 78

Emissary veins

Lots of bleeding with these veins

Front 79

What arteries supply more blood to the calvaria than to the dura?

Back 79

Arteries of the dura

Front 80

What is the largest dural artery?

Back 80

Middle meningeal artery

Front 81

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

Back 81

Maxillary artery

Front 82

What foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranium?

Back 82

Foramen spinosum

Front 83

Innervation of the dura is by these 3 divisions of what cranial nerve?

Back 83

CN V (trigeminal)

Front 84

What is more numerous in the dura along each side of the superior sagittal sinus?

Back 84

Sensory (pain) endings

Front 85

What is believed to be one of the major origins of headaches?

Back 85

Dura

Front 86

What is considered not to be a "natural" space? (2)

Back 86

Epidural space

Subdural space

Front 87

What is the only "real" space, between the arachnoid and pia? What does it contain?

Back 87

Subarachnoid space, contains CSF

Front 88

Blood that forms between the skull (calvaria) and dura layer after a blow to the head is diagnosed as what kind of injury? What vessel is torn?

Back 88

Epidural hematoma

Middle meningeal artery

Front 89

Is an epidural hematoma arterial or venous in origin?

Back 89

Arterial

Front 90

Following a blow to the head that jerks the brain inside the cranium, blood "creates" a space at the dura-arachnoid junction, this is called what?

Back 90

Subdural hematoma

Front 91

Is a subdural hematoma arterial or venous in origin? What vessel is typically torn?

Back 91

Venous

Superior cerebral vein

Front 92

How long can it take for a subdural hematoma to develop?

Back 92

Many weeks

Front 93

Blood that escapes into the subarachnoid space is called what? Is it arterial or venous in origin?

Back 93

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Arterial

Front 94

Bilateral severance of what nerve could result in death?

Back 94

Vagus

Front 95

Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves and their cell bodies are located where?

Back 95

Brain stem and sacral spinal cord

Front 96

The posterior 1/3rd of the tongue is innervated by what nerve? (taste is a sensation too)

Back 96

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 97

What nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

Back 97

Hypoglossal nerve

Front 98

What nerve provides general sensation and taste sensation to the epiglottis by way of the internal laryngeal branch?

Back 98

Vagus nerve

Front 99

What nerve provides taste fibers to the tongue via the chorda tympani, but not sensation?

Back 99

Facial nerve