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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is exploratory Research?
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Is conducted to discover WHETHER SOMETHING ACTUALLY EXISTS. It allows the researcher to discover the extent of an issue
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What is descriptive research?
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Research that describes social phenomena in detail. Allows us to gain an insight into the nature of a particular issue by DEFINING AND DIFFERENTIATING our object of study.
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What is explanatory research?
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Research that seeks explanations ie concerned with CAUSE AND EFFECT HYPOTHESES. Contextual issues ie time,place culture, circumstance are emphasised.
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What is basic research?
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PURE RESEARCH. Not concerned with immediate or practical benefits. Advances fundamental knowledge about the social world and deals with the big questions.
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH |
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What is applied research?
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Research designed for practical use. Mostly takes place outside the university ie govt, market research, to supply answers fast ie policy making. DISCRIPTIVE RESEARCH.
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What is theory?
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A framework for understanding. It is a set of statements intended to explain sime aspect of social life.
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What is inductive logic?
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The researcher moves from curiosity to observastion to theory generation. It is where the starting point of the research is conducted from. So a theory is generated after observations have been collated.
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What is deductive logic?
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a researchers starting point in deductive logic is where existing theories are testedby counting or mearsuring variables in a in a controlled environment to see whether the original hypothesis can be supported or not. ie science class experiment.(DESCRIPTIVE, APPLIED AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS)
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What is quantitative research?
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Researcher deals with hard data. Data can be measured because researcher knows in advance what to count. This research translates variables into numbers and tests the the relationship between variables and then measures the the strength of that relationship. Its research methods (ie survey) stress standardisation. ie Same questions in a controlled environment.
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What is qualitative research?
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This research focuses on the quality of something. It moves the researcher from ther personal curiosity to data collection to the developing of formal theory. Rather than asking how many apples you ate in one day, the question would be how you felt and what it meant to eat that apple and how it felt every other time did the feeling differ?
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What are the problems with people testing their own knowledge?
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Inaccurate observations
Overgeneralisation Selective observation Illogical reasoning Premature closure of inquiry Ego involvement |
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What are the three sets of assumptions that underpin conceptions of social reality?
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Ontological -nature of social phenomena being investigated
epistemological - basis of knowledge, how it is accquired and how it is communicated to others Relationship between human beings and their environment. how people respond to their environment and initiate the own actions (reactions to environment). |
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What is ontology?
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deals with questions about what things exist in the 'real' world. It is an inventory of the kinds of thing that do, or can, exist in the world. Lists tend to differ between cultures (and groups within cultures) can be said to living in different worlds.
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What is Epistemology?
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The philosophical theory of knowledge. The branch of philosophy that deals with how we know what we know. As with ontology different cultures often make wery different epistemological assumptions.
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What is a paradigm?
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literally translates to pattern. It is a collection of ontological and epistemological assumptions (philosophical assumptions) used in science to describe and entire way of looking at the world.
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What is Positivism?
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sees social science as an organised method for combining deductive logic with precise empirical observations of individual behaviour in order to discover and confirm a set of probabilistic causal laws that can be used to predict general patterns of human activity.
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What is methodology?
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A certain order of philosophical commitment.
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What is the difference between method and methology?
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methods determine what is allowed to be studied and methodologies are about the logical and philosophical questions that particular methods assume.
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What is the interpretative approach?
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is the systematic analysis of socially meaningful action through the direct detailed observation of people in natural settings in order to arrive at understandings and interpretations of how people create and maintain their social worlds.
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What are the 5 differences between the assumptions of qualitative and quantitative paradigms?
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1 the nature of social reality
2 the place for values 3 when is an explanation true 4 the nature of human beings and society 5 good evidence |
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What is reductionism?
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is a reductionist approach which is the traditional positivist approach to research. It reduces wholes (ie society) and deals with the components in isolation as if they would behave the same way as they would in a whole ie health sector, economy, govt
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What is validity?
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Refers to the extent to which a question accurately reflects the concept the researcher is looking for.
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What is reliabilty?
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Refers to consistency a measure is reliable if it produces the same results when repeated at a different time in a defferent place.
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What is triangulation?
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Different research methods to hone in on an event from two or three different angles. ie get different perspectives from one event, to generate a variety of data.
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What is stability?
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refers to the reliablity of results across time. will it be the same next month?
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What is operationalism?
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A researcher moves from an abstract theoretical concept to some concrete and emperical measures of that concept.
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What is representativeness?
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Used in qualitative research it is evidence finding or selection of samples 'sampling' which is theoretical sampling where samples are deliberately selected from 'essential and typical' units. Other examples are analyse while you collect and snowball sampling as its builds up as you go on.
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What is falsification?
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proving a hypothesis wrong.
Any body of knowledge that wouldn't or couldn't allow its centeal ideas to be falsified simply wasn't scientific. |
