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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major cause of death globally in children under 5
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Diarrheal (postneonatal)
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Innate defenses in mouth
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flow of liquids, lysozyme, normal flora
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Innate defenses in Small intestin
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peristalsis, flow of liquids, Shedding of epithelium, Peyer's patches, IgA, Mucus
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Defenses in GI tract
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Mucosal epithelial layer, mucus formation & gut motility, bile salts
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2 changes when defenses of GI are breached
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Anatomic alterations (obstructions, surgery, perforation)
Changes in stomach pH (disease, surgery drugs) Changes to normal flora (important mouth and colon) Exposure to specific pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa) |
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Potential sources of GI exposure
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Contaminated water, ground beef, poultry, greens
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A secreted toxin that targets enteric cells
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enterotoxin (shiga toxin, cholera toxin)
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any secreted toxin
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exotoxin
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LPS, integral part of gram- outer membrane
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endotoxin
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2 examples of local inflammation and tissue damage
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Periodontis in mouth (gingiva in response to anaerobic bacteria)
Dystentery in LI (lamina propria due to shigella) |
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3 levels of organisms to consider
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Level 1: virus, bact, proto, fungus
Level 2: Gram+/-, RNA/DNA, amoeba v. worm Level 3: normal flora, pure pathogen, opportunistic (immunocompromised) |
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4 parts on spectrum of outcomes
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colonization, infection, asymptomatic disease, symptomatic disease
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5 good headings for charts
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type of bug, key features, point of entry, spectrum of disease, diagnostic tests
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