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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Freud
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psychoanalysist. discoverd the unconcious. defense mechanisms. talking cure. psychosexual development- oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
discontinuity |
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Erikson
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psychoanalysist. pyschosocial development- trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and self doubt.
discontinuity |
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Piaget
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believed in discontinuity which is a qualitative change.
children actively constuct their understading of the world and go through four states of cognitive development- sensorimotor, peroperational, concrete operational and formal stages |
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B.F. Skinner
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operant conditioning the consequences of behavior produce changes in the probabilty of the behavior's occurance. good behavior= reward, more likely to happen again. bad behavior= consequence, less likely to happen again.
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Bandura
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leading architects of social cognitive theory. most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, the person/cognitive, and the environment.
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
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ecological theory- environmental systems theory holds that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems.
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Konrad Lorenz
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studied imprinting in goslings.
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Vygotsky
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social constructivist approach- temphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.
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John Locke
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Tabula Rasa- blank slate theory. Environment is everything. Life, liberty, property
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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children were inately good, society corrupts them. had big impact n educators in Europe
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Baltes
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argues that on average older adults often show less capactiy for change in the sense of learning new things than younger adults.
characteristis- 1) development is lifelong 2)multidirectional 3)happens in context 4) multidimensional 5)multidisciplinary |
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Ainsworth
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an affectional bond between two people binding them together and enduring over time. specific and discrimin ating. can be attached to more than one person at a time
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Harlow
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primetologist- studied monkies. challenged freud
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Lifespan perspective
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The perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual: involves growth, maintenance, and regularion; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.
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discontinuous development
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caterpillar to butterfly
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theory
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An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions
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hypothesis
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specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy.
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plasticity
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ability to remake themselves, maleable. people with a stroke- promote positive change.
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ethological
ecological |
behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by cricical or sensitiv periods
environmental systems theory that focuses on five environmental systems: micro, meso, exo,macro, and chrono |
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psychoanalytic
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describe development as primarily unconcious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the sumbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized.
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cognitive developmental
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The theory that children's gender typing occurs after they have developed a concept of gender. Once the consistently conceive of themselves as male of remale. children often organize their world on the basis of gender.
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information processing
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Emphasizes that indicidual manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to this theory are the processes of memory and thinking.
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cross-sectional studies
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a reserach strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time.
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longitudal studies
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a research strategy in whic the same individual are studed ocer a period of tim, usually several years or more.
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independant variable
dependant variable |
manipulated, influencial, experimental factor. It is a potential cause.
a factor that can change in the experiment, in response to changes in the independent variable. |