• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/33

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

3 different approaches to defining stress

1. state of the organism (strain)


2. characteristic of the environment (stressor)


3. transaction between person & environment

4 biological pathways for stress

1. direct sympathetic activation


2. sympathetic - adrenal medullary


3. hypothalamic - pituitary adrenal cortex


4. cellular mechanism

4 ways of measuring psychosocial stress

1. trauma


2. stressful life event


3. chronic role strain - poverty, poor health


4. daily hassles

5 major coping strategies

1. problem-focused: manage the problem


2. emotion-focused: manage the emotion


3. cognitive reappraisal: manage the meaning


4. seek social support


5. prayer/religious coping

how does stress change with age?

older adults more vulnerable to physiological stress, poor recovery from injury, most likely to die during natural disasters/wars

how does coping change with age?

older adults cope as well or better than younger adults, use fewer strategies, greater use of routines



what is a curveball?

an unexpected life event

mental health definition

successful mental functioning resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, the ability to change and cope with adversity

prevalence of Mental Health disorders

one disorder is 46%


two or more is 28%

how does mental health change with age?

high rates of depression, tendency to isolate and not recognize their depression or tell anyone

who is at greatest risk for suicide? (3)

1. 50% who commit suicide are depressed


2. increased risk for older, Caucasian men


3. adolescents are more likely to attempt suicide while older adult are more likely to complete

what are the different types of interventions? (6)

clinical therapy


education


psycholpharacology


service delivery


environmental interventions


legislation

what are the goals of these interventions?

alleviation, compensation, enrichment, prevention

what is environmental press?

goal is to find the optimal level of environmental support for people of low levels of competence

how does living independently vary by age & sex?

men live independently at much higher rates than women


ages 65-74: 79% of men live alone and 61% of women


ages 75+: 68% of men live alone and 35% of women

what are the pros and cons of independently living

pros: familiar setting, maintain control, community support available (meals on wheels)


cons: difficult for those in suburban areas and rural communities, inner cities may be dangerous, limited access to emergency medical care in rural areas >>>driving

what are the types of semi-independent living? (7)

retirement hotel (single room)


retirement community


shared housing


housing coops


assisted living facility


auxiliary dwelling


continuing care retirement community

what are types of long-term care facilities? (3)

institutions


nursing homes


special care units

what communication styles should not be used with elders? (6)

patronizing speech


elderspeak


inappropriate use of first names


terms of endearment "honey" "sweetie"


assumption of greater impairment than may be the case


persuading to demand compliance

what is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?

stage theory with passion usually preceding intimacy, then commitment

what are gender differences and similarities in mate selection?

differences: for women, status is more important. Men always preferred the attractive women regardless of status or dress.


similarities: kindness, empathy, sense of humor

what is the Upswing Hypothesis?

Marital levels of satisfaction are highest in the early years, followed by a dip when children are adolescent, but then an increase (upswing) after children are launched.

what are types and effects of parenting? (4)

1. Authoritarian: low warmth, high control. Children are often moody with conduct problems.


2. Authoritative: high warmth, high control. Children are often curious, confident, and independent.


3. Permissive: high warmth, low control. Acceptance and encouragement but little predictability can lead to impulsivity, low self-control.


4. Indifferent: low warmth, low control. Children may be demanding and disobedient.

what makes a marriage last? (5)

fewer disagreements


more enjoyment from sources of pleasure


greater physical and psychological health


less negative affect and more affection


feeling of support

what predicts divorce? (4)

negative affect


withdrawal


more negative behaviors than positive


criticism, contempt defensiveness, and stonewalling

positives and negatives of care giving?

Negatives: major strain in late life, physical demands, financial demands, creating a safe environment, daily activities (bathing, meals), making end-of-life care decisions.


Positives: positive reappraisal, problem-focused coping and goals, spiritual beliefs & practices, closer social relations

how has work changed?

used to be almost entirely agricultural, then industrial

what factors influence choice of careers?

1. Based on the notion of person-environment fit


2. Relationship between personality and occupation is “moderate but significant”


3. Primary motivator is agency (self-efficiency)


4. barriers/oppertunitities in the environment

what factors influence career trajectories & satisfaction? (4)

social class


gender


cohort


ethnicity

why does retirement exist? (3)

1. Instituted to prevent unemployment among the young


2. During the Great Depression there had been much unemployment


3. Political stability

who does social security support?

supports retirement, families, older adults, people with disabilites and their families

what is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid?

Medicare: (A) hospitalization, (B) outpatient services


Medicaid: long term care only for people with limited income & assests

what are the two accomplishments of the Affordable Care Act?

huge increase in the insured