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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is growth influenced by
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genes and environment
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when does teething begin
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3-4 months
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when do teeth first show
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6 months
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how many teeth at first bday
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6-8 teeth
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what direction is growth
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top to bottom, inner to outter
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describe growth in first three years
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faster than ever in life, first few months especially
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by what month does baby's weight double
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fifth month
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describe weight by age 1
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3 times the amount at birth
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is a wet nurse as healthy as breast feeding
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no
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colostrum
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full of antibodies(clear liquid) will only be produced by mother who just gave birth.
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what are the recommendations about the first year regarding breastfeeding
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recommended first year
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is breast mild more or less digestable
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more digestable
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are formulas better than breastfeeding
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will never be as good as breast feeding even though there are many choices today as well as many vitamins
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what do they say about cows milk
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recommended after first bday.
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what do pediatricians recommend for milk
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whole milk
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what kind of solid foods are recommended for babies
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cereal
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do they say fruit or veggies first and why
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veggies first cuz they don't taste as good
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how many months before juice is recommened
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6 months
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can a child be obese just because their parents are obese
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yes, if both parents are diagnosed as obese
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age what age of a child being obese can it mean that they might grow up to be obese
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age 3
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is cholesterol being found in children?
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yes
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at what age is a low cholesteral diet being recommended
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8 months
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atheroscierosis
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fatty substance buildup on the inner lining of arteries
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what is the central nervous system
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how bodies receive information. how we know what to do
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brain growth spurts
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rapid production of cells. help develop cognitively.
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lateralization
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tendency of 1/2 of brain to specialize in something.
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left half of brain
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langague, logical thinking
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right half of brain
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visual awareness, spacial
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do left handed ppl do somethings better than right handed people
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yes
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neuron cells
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send and recieve information.
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glials
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support and protect neurons
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myelination
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lubes up track so information can be sent really quick. lubes everytime information is sent so infor is sent quicker and quicker everytime.
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what does myelination occur
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stimulation of the brain...very important in babies
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plasticity
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molding of the brain through experiences
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what happens in connections are not made early in life
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it may be impossible
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reflex behavior
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enate things we have no control over
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infants are born with how many reflexes
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25
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what are the first sense to develop
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touch and pain.
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what is the most mature sense for first few months
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touch and pain.
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can a baby feel pain prenataly
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yes
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can a baby smell and taste in utero
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yes
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how do they know that a baby can smell and taste in utero
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they have a sucking reflex, strong with sweet and weak with bitter.
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by how many weeks can a baby tell the difference in mothers breast pad and another woman's
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6 weaks, sense of smell
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do babies have hearing in utero?
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yes, reading to belly, headphones
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sight
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least developed at birth.
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size of eyes at birth
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very small
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optic nerve at birth
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underdeveloped
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peripheral vision at birth
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very narrow
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how many inches away can a baby focus on
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6 inches
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can a baby see color at birth
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no, not for a few months
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binocular vision
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eyes working together
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how many months till a baby has binocular vision
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4-5 months
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how many months till a baby has vision cliff
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4-5 months, did the study with bed-plexy glass, child did not jump
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head control at birth
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on back,
side to side on belly |
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head control at 2-3 months
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lift head higher and higher
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head control at 4 months
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holds head erect when held/sitting proped up
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hand control at birth
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grasping reflex
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hand control at 3.5 months
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grab hand. hand transfer
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hand control at 7-11 months
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pincer grasp, tiny tiny things
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hand control 15 months
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2 cube
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hand controlat 3 years
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can copy circle
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locomotion at 3 months
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back, front roll
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locomotion at 6 mths
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sit with support
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locomotion at 8.5 mths
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sit w/o support
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locomotion at 6-10 mths
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creep,crawl
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locomotion at 7 mths
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stand with help
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locomotion at 11 mths
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stand alone
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locomotion at 1 yr
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steps
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locomotion at 2 years
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climb stairs, run, jump
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infant mortality rate
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portion of babies that die if first year of life.
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SIDS
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sudden infant death syndrome, cant explain why baby died. linked to smoking in the house, but not the reason
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intelligent behavior
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goal oriented, reason for actions
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adaptive
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change based on environment
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behaviorist approach
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mechanics of learning. how a behavior changes. respond to stimuli.
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classical conditioning
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blink when someone pushes button on camera, expect flash
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operant conditioning
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learned behavior based on punishment or reward
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psychometric approach
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IQ tests, standardized tests
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0-1 month reflexes
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rooting
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1-4 months
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primary circulary reactions. repeat pleasureable behaviors
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4-8 months
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secondary circulary reactions. repeat pleasureable behaviors that bring results
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8-12 mths
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coordination of secondary schemes. intentional behaviors. remember anticipated events.
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12-18 mths
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tertiary circular reactions. trial and error. explor environment to learn new things.
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18-24 months
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mental combinations. symbolic thoughts. mental representations. no more trial and error.
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object permanence
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child can remember something that they can't see in front of them. they rememeber it's there.
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ob.per. 4-8 mths
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out of sight, out of mind
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ob.per. 8-12 mnths
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look for object in place they 1st saw it (AB Error) even if they see it moved.
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ob.per. 12-18 mths
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search where they saw it hidden, but not where they never saw it hidden.
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ob.per. 18-24 mths
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search wherever, regardless of where they've seen in/not seen it.
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Information Processing
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observing and analyzing mental processes. what they do with their info. perception, learning, memory, prob. solving
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habituation
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kind of learning where a child becomes familiar with something, they become less interested in it.
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visual preference
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prefere to look at one thing over another
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visual recognition memeory
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ability to see and recognize things you've seen before. 6mths-1 year. shows memory
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cognitive neuroscience
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mechanics of the brain. stucture. what parts are involved in cognitive processes.
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neurology
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study of the brain
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explicit memory
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intentional, conscious. names, events, facts, study
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implicit memeory
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unconcious recall, habits, reflexs. develops earlier
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social contextual approach
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how environment have effect on learning. parents, caregivers play role in cognitive development.
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guided participation
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mutal interaltion, baby coos, mama coos mama smiles, baby smiles
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literacy
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ability to read and write
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prelinguistic speech
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sounds, not words
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linguistic speech
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convey meaning, words
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crying
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newbors only way to communicate needs. way of talking
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cooing, what age, what does it mean
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6wks -3 mths. happiness
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3-6 mths
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playing with sounds copies inflextions they hear. lower lone if hears dad alot
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6-10 mths
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babbling, wake up and alone. could be symbolism.
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7 mths
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first word
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holophrase
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one word that represents a sentence. juice
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t/f children understand a lot more than they can say
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true
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16-24 mnths
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language explosion. 50-400 common words
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18-24 mths
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telegraphic speech. a few key words dady bye work.
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syntax
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rules for grammar
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20-30 mths
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articles, prepositions, conjugate verbs, simple rules of grammar.
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problem with simple rules of grammar
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in eng, is hard with many exceptions.
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over regularizing rule
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mouses instead of mice
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underextending meaning of words.
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his carcar is blue and white. a red car cannot be carcar. only one
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overextending meaning of word
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anything furry and with four legs is a cat
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BF Skinner's thoery of language
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we learn language through opperant conditioning. positive and negative feedback.
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chomsky
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nativism. known for language aquisition device. part of brain allows us to understand all rules and then we can speak that language when our LAD has figured it all out.
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parentese
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a way adults speak to children. repeat, high pitched, slow simple.
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emotions
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reactions to experiences when there's a change. infant cries, or smiles
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self awareness
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a child realizes that they are separate from environment. starts at 15-20 mths
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temperament
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the way we aproach, interact with situations. 1. easy-go with the flow. 2.. difficult- irritable. intense resopnses, emotions. 3. slow to warm up. 4. goodness of fit.
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gender typing process
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children learn behavior that the society think is good for child to know. comfort level
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attachment
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relationszhip between infant and caregiver
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stranger situation
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test use to study infants
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secure attachment
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child will cry when mom leaves but when mom comes back, they with is happy
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avoident attachment
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when mom leaves
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ambivalent resistant attachment
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wants to be picked up, then wants to be put down. never happy.
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disorganized/disoriented attachment
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no eye contact
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stranger anxiety
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dev. around 6 mths. and older. child sees someone they don't recognize in the comfort of someoen they do know. good thing-there's memory
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separation anxiety
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trusted caregiver leaves the picture. can last years where child gets very upset about being left.
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mutual regulation
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infants and caregives have ability to communicate their emotional state to eachother and respond. very young infants can know adults feelings
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still faced paradign
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infants and mom. engage in mutual regulation then shut it off and do stil faced. observe. babies find a way to sooththemselves. stopped trying to make mom smile.
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social referencing
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child looks to others/ environment to see how to behave or to see if they even want to be there. (looking around at fancy restaurant to see what fork to use) (child falls then looks around to see who's watching to see if they should cry)
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self concept
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the way you percieve yourself
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3 step sequence in self concept
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1. physical self recognition (18-24 mths)
2. self description/ evaluation. talk about ourselves (19- 30 mths). super positive evaluation. 3. emotional response to something they did wrong. developing conscience 2nd year. |
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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toddlers who want to do it themselves vs. doubting they can. toilet training. will take initiative in developing.
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negativism
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saying no, 2 yrs-6 yrs
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socialization
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process of learning habits, skills, value system. becoming productive members of society
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internalization
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child accepts society standards. hear the rules and values and begin to internalize them. dont' steal, dont' yell in restauratns.
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self regulation
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children control over own behavior in order to conform to society. have to control over right from wrong.
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conscience
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produces discomfort when violated
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committed compliance
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obediance when socity/parents are not looking. committed to doing the righ tthing.
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situational compliance
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only when someone is watching
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receprocity
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mutual responsive relationship where child wil be socialized. warm reciprocal relationship it fosters committed compliance.
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contact with other children
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siblings arrive
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when new baby arrives
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old sibling may not want baby. mom talks to baby more than older child. use of more orders instad of talking things through
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sibling interaction
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can be negative in beginning. fighting as baby gets older. langage increases. negotiation skills become better
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non sibling
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peers
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how do children learn at 18-,mths and older
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from peers
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conflic resolution begins at what age
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3, with adult intervention
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are caregives better than stay at home moms?
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ongoing debate.
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what is teh best determinate in child environmetn
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teachers.
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