Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
purpose of vaccines
|
to induce a potent/protective immune response to potential microbial pathogens by exposing the host to antigenic but not pathogenic material.
|
|
|
active immunity
|
body's response to pathogen (via natural exposure/infection or immunization), hopefully leading to long-term protective response
|
|
|
passive immunity
|
created via transfer of preformed antibodies to the ; short-lived, no memory induced
|
|
|
when is passive used
|
when immediate protection is needed or if host is unable to mount adequate immune response or when no safe/effective vaccine is available
|
|
|
RSV monoclonal antibodies
|
given to high-risk infants in monthly IM injections during high risk times
|
|
|
inactivated vaccines
|
made by growing large # of bacteria/virus and killing w/ heat/chemicals
|
|
|
attenuated, live vaccines
|
made by repeated passages of organism through cell culture or lab animal until a non-virulent organism is isolated
|
|
|
inactivated bacterial vaccines
|
generate limited protection, short-lived, none used in US
|
|
|
inactivated viral vaccines
|
may not produce good, long-lived protection; include inactivated flu virus, rabies, Salk vaccine
|
|
|
attenuated, live viral vaccines
|
generate long-term protection, but may need booster. Include oral polio (Sabin), MMR, chicken pox, rotavirus, oral flu
|
|
|
attenuated bacterial vaccines
|
BCG for TB
|
|
|
using live attenuated viruses
|
can infect cells and make good AB/CTL response. Safety concern for ID.
|
|
|
Toxoids
|
for diphtheria, tetanus; toxins are inactivated. very effective
|
|
|
purified polysaccharide antigen
|
not effective for long-term protection (T-ind response) but better when coupled to protein in conjugate vaccine. Ex: Hib vaccine for Haemophilus is coupled to tetanus toxoid. Safe, short shelf life, don't stimulate CTL
|
|
|
synthetic/recombinant antigen vaccines
|
active part is a synthesized protein/AA. Ex: Hep B. safe, short shelf-life, tough to make, don't stimulate much CTL
|
|
|
Polyvalent vaccines
|
TDAP. New pentavalent vaccine for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (acellular), hep B (recomb) and Haemophilus (Hib). fewer # of injections, but not all vaccines can be combined.
|
|
|
adjuvants
|
improve/stimulate immune response. some can stimulate inflammation Ex: aluminum salts.
|
|
|
diluent
|
water or saline
|
|
|
stabilizers
|
help maintain potency. Ex: MSG, albumin, glycine, gelatin
|
|
|
preservatives
|
thimerosal
|
