Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
simple extracellular bacteria
|
eliminated from body/skin w/out generating immune response
|
|
|
extracellular bacteria w/ ability to adhere
|
Incite inflammatory response (macrophages) if at a site that is normally sterile. Local inflammation restores sterility. minimal adaptive activation. Same thing occurs w/ reinfection
|
|
|
extracellular bacteria that inhibit innate response
|
Toxins that target phagocytes allow microbe to replicate unchecked until adaptive kicks in. AB neutralize, opsonize.
|
|
|
responses
|
innate >> fails to contain; adaptive >> B cells make AB; vaccination >> inactive toxin and bacterial antigens can provide immunity; reinfection >> AB prevent toxin-mediated inhibition of innate. ex: pertussis
|
|
|
Extracellular bacteria in interstitial space
|
accidental breach >> local inflammation typically clears. Minimal adaptive response. Reinfection takes same course.
|
|
|
invasive and anti-innate bacteria
|
can breach epithelium, have polysaccharide capsule that makes binding difficult. Need adaptive response to overcome capsule.
|
|
|
responses
|
innate >> phagocytosis inhibited by capsule; adaptive >> AB overcome capsule; reinfection >> pre-existing AB make phagocytosis efficient.
|
|
|
invasive and MORE anti-innate
|
encapsulated bacteria w/ toxin; inflammatory responses on periphery of infection keep from spreading until adaptive kicks in. AB neutralize toxins and opsonized bacteria and Th17 boosts neutrophil recruitment.
|
|
|
responses
|
innate >> phagocytes neutralized but limit spread; adaptive >> AB neutralize toxin and opsonized bact, Th17 promotes neutrophils. Reinfection >> some immunity but microbe may get around it.
|
|
|
Blockade of initial inflammation
|
dissemination and replication unchecked. 50% dead by the time adaptive immune response kicks in.
|
|
|
monocytes/macrophages and atherosclerosis
|
play a role in development of plaque
|
|
|
Th1 cytokines
|
APC activate T cells in artery >>> Th17 release proinflammatory cytokines
|
|
|
cholesterol crystals
|
activate macrophages >> proinflammatory cytokines induce vascular changes
|
|
|
properties of statins
|
lower cholesterol and have anti-inflammatory properties
|
|
|
immune system and age
|
adaptive immunity decreases, innate increases w/ age
|
|
|
IL-6
|
expression increases w/ age; critical for function of Th17 cells >> increase inflammation
|
|
|
overproduction of IL-6
|
seen in obesity, old age; linked to autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome, activates HPA axis; may play a role in increasing cancer risk w/ age
|
|
|
Rituximab
|
targets CD20 on B cells, depletes autoreactive B cells
|
|
|
cyclosporin
|
treatment for T cell-mediated autoimmunity >> blocks calcineurin
|
|
|
orencia
|
treatment for T cell mediated autoimmunity >> blocks B7/CD28 interaction >> no t cell activation
|
|
|
Type I diabetes
|
predominantly mediated by host reactive T cells; interest in using CD4+ regulatory T cells to block activity
|
