Hcom 352 Phonological Development

Front 1

What term describes ALL VOCALIZATION prior to first Actual Words?

Back 1

Pre-linguistic Behavior

Front 2

What is the acquisition of speech sound form and function within the language system?

Back 2

Phonological Development

Front 3

What is the Gradual articulatory mastery of speech sounds within a given language.

Back 3

Speech sound Development

Front 4

Define Speech sound development

Back 4

A Gradual articulatory Mastery of Speech Sounds within a given language.

Front 5

Define Phonological development.

Back 5

The acquisition of , Speech sound Form and Function within a language System.

Front 6

True or false
There is some evidence that infants pay attention to and learn about speech and voice Prior to birth.

Back 6

True

Front 7

What term describes the ability to identify the same sound across different speakers, pitches and additional environmental factors?

Back 7

Perceptual Constancy

Front 8

Between what ages is there perceptual constancy for consonants and vowels in varied vowel contexts?

Back 8

5 ½- 10 months

Front 9

At what age can a child discriminate between minimal pair words that contrasts most of the Later developing English speech sounds?

Back 9

27-35 Months

Front 10

Describe what perception of minimal pairs means.

Back 10

Perceiving differences between pairs of words that differ in only 1 phoneme.

Front 11

True or False
With the Perception of Minimal pairs we perceive the differences between pairs of words that vary by 2 or more phonemes.

Back 11

False: Perception of Minimal Pairs: perceives the differences between pairs of words that differ in only 1 phoneme

Front 12

Pre-Linguistic Stages are After the 1st words. True or False.

Back 12

False: Pre-lingustic stages are BEFORE the 1st Words

Front 13

How many Pre-linguistic stages are there? Name them.

Back 13

5 stages. Reflexive crying, Cooing & laughter, Vocal Play, Canonical Babbling, Jargon

Front 14

What type of vocalization is an Automatic response that reflects the Infants Physical state such as : crying, grunts and burps? Which stage does this occur?

Back 14

Reflexive Vocalizations. Stage 1

Front 15

Grunts, sighs, clicks,etc. are associated with activities such as feeding there are what type of sounds? Which stage does this occur?

Back 15

Vegetative sounds: Stage 1

Front 16

Which pre-lingusitic stage occurs at birth-2 months? Name it.

Back 16

Stage 1: Reflexive Crying

Front 17

True or False
Cooing and gooing sounds are Vowel –like and can not contain consonantal elements produced at the back of the mouth.

Back 17

False: cooing and going sounds ARE VOWEL-LIKE and CAN contain consonantal elements at the back of the mouth

Front 18

Which pre-linguistic stage occurs from 2-4 months? Name it.

Back 18

Stage 2: Cooing and Laughter

Front 19

Reflexive crying happens at what age and what stage?

Back 19

Stage 1 from birth-2 months

Front 20

Cooing and Laughter happens at what prelinguistic age and what stage?

Back 20

2-4 months: stage 2

Front 21

Vocal Play happens at what pre-linguistic age and which stage?

Back 21

4-6 months: stage 3

Front 22

True or False
There is some overlap between stages 2:Cooing & laughter & stage 3:Vocal Play.

Back 22

True

Front 23

In which pre-Linguistic stage is there a longer series of segments and the prolonged production of Vowel-like and Consonant-like steady states?

Back 23

Stage 3: Vocal Play

Front 24

Which pre-Linguistic Stage involves Extreme Variations of Loudness& pitch?

Back 24

Stage 3:Vocal Play

Front 25

True or False
In the pre-linguistic Stage 3:Vocal Play vowels do not have a variation in tongue height and position in comparison to stage 2.

Back 25

FALSE: In stage 3:Vocal Play Vowel have MORE variation in tongue height and position in comparison to stage 2.)

Front 26

In which pre-lingusitic stage does Canonical Babbling occur and what age?

Back 26

6 months and older: Stage 4: canonical babbling

Front 27

Name the 2 types of Canonical babbling. What pre-linguistic stage does this occur?

Back 27

Stage 4: Reduplicated babbling, and NONREDUPLICATED/Variegated babbling

Front 28

Which type of babbling is a variation of vowel and consonants from syllable to syllable?

Back 28

Non-reduplicated Babbling/ Variegated Babbling

Front 29

Which type of Babbling involves similar strings of consonant-vowel productions?

Back 29

Reduplicated babbling

Front 30

True or False
With Reduplicated babbling there is variation in vowel sounds but consonants will stay the same from syllable to syllable.

Back 30

True: reduplicated: variation Vowels sounds/ Consonants the same syllable to syllable

Front 31

True or False
Babbling stages are Sequential.

Back 31

False: Babbling stages are NOT sequential Necessarily

Front 32

True or False
Babbling will not occur all the way into First word stage.

Back 32

false: Babbling occurs all the way into First word stage

Front 33

The function of Babbling changes as the child ages how is it used at the beginning stage vs. the end stage?

Back 33

Beginning stage babbling used for SELF STIMULATION
END stage babbling used for Ritual IMITATION games with adults

Front 34

Which pre-linguistic stage does JARGON OCCUR? How old is child?

Back 34

STAGE 5: JARGON 10months and Older

Front 35

What term defines strings of babbled utterances that are adjusted by INTONATION, Rhythm and Pausing?

Back 35

JARGON: 10months & Older: Stage 5

Front 36

At what stage do utterances sound like sentences but Without Real Words,( this overlaps with first words)?

Back 36

Stage 5: JARGON 10months &older

Front 37

True or False
Syntax develops after a child puts 2 words together.

Back 37

True: syntax occurs after 2 words put together 18-24months

Front 38

How old is child when they reach the Linguistic phase of have their first 50 words?

Back 38

12-18/24Months: 1-2yrs old= 50 words

Front 39

How is a child’s first word defined/distinguished?

Back 39

First Word: a Stable phonetic form that is produced consistently by the child in a particular context and is close to the adult-like form

Front 40

DEFINE PROTO-WORDS.

Back 40

Proto-words: vocalizations used consistently by a child in a particular context but NOT CLOSE to ADULT-LIKE FORM (PCF-phonetically consistent form, quasi-words, vocables) ex. Baba

Front 41

At what age typically is the first meaningful word produced?

Back 41

12months: 1st meaningful word produced

Front 42

What term defines when child learns word Forms as unanalyzed Units or Wholes?

Back 42

ITEM LEARNING

Front 43

What is a Holophasic phase?

Back 43

When a child uses a single word to express an Idea

Front 44

TRUE OR FALSE
Item Learning is when a child learns Word Forms as Analyzed units or wholes.

Back 44

False: Item learning is when a child learns Word Forms as UNANALYZED units or wholes: this includes HOLOPHASIC PHASE

Front 45

Name a few Predominante Syllabel types:

Back 45

CV, VC, CVC

Front 46

BY 12-18/24months within the linguistic phase of Receptive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 46

200 words=Receptive vocab/ 12-18/24months old

Front 47

BY 12-18/24months within the linguistic phase of Expressive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 47

50 words= expressive vocab/ 12-18/24 months old

Front 48

BY 18-24/30months within the linguistic phase of Receptive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 48

1200 words=Receptive Vocabulary/ 18-24/30months old

Front 49

BY 18-24/30months within the linguistic phase of Expressive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 49

225 words=Expressive Vocab/ 18-24/30 months old

Front 50

The transition from 1 word to 2 word utterances is the beginning of which linguistic development?

Back 50

Syntactical development: occurs 18-24/30 months= 1 word to 2 word utterances

Front 51

Syntactical development occurs at what age?

Back 51

18-24/30 months old

Front 52

System learning is when there is an acquisition of?

Back 52

Acquisition of phonemic principles that apply to the phonemic system of the language= System learning

Front 53

At what age does item learning occur? What is item learning?

Back 53

12-18/24 mo= learns word forms as unanalyzed units or wholes

Front 54

At what age does System learning occur? What is system learning?

Back 54

18-24/30months= acquisition of phonemic principles that apply to the phonemic system of language (linguistic function:ability to determine meaningful units in a lg.)

Front 55

BY 5 years within the linguistic phase of Expressive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 55

2200 words=Expressive Vocab /5 years old

Front 56

BY 5 years within the linguistic phase of Receptive Vocabulary a child has how many words?

Back 56

9600 words=Receptive Vocab/ 5 years old

Front 57

At what age is the Phonological system almost complete: majority complete?

Back 57

5 years old

Front 58

TRUE OR FALSE
BY 5 YEARS OLD new words require new sound sequences which involve increased Motor control, improved timing skills, and an ability to internalize new phonological rules such as VL stops need to be aspirated.

Back 58

True

Front 59

At 5 years old new words are requiring new sound sequences and this involves what skills?

Back 59

Increased motor control, improved timing skills, internalizing new phonological rules EX> VL stops need aspiration

Front 60

TRUE OR FALSE
Age levels for speech sound acquisition will vary depending on age of mastery &normative sample .

Back 60

True

Front 61

TRUE OR FALSE
There may be some disagreement concerning the exact age/accuracy level of mastery (80-90%) for speech sound acquisition

Back 61

True

Front 62

NAME THE LATER DEVELOPING SOUNDS

Back 62

/s,sh,z,r, and (voiced/VL /t/ ) /

Front 63

/w/ is a later or early developing sound?

Back 63

EARLY developing sound

Front 64

What term describes the normative studies that look at age of suppression or each phonological process?

Back 64

Chronology of phonological processes.