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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.
Melting point
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.-the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
Vapor pressure
is the pressure exerted by a vapor above a liquid on the wall of a container.
Sublimation
is the process of a solid changing to a vapor or gas without becoming a liquid.
Flashpoint
the minimum temperature at which enough vapor will be driven from a liquid that, should a sufficient ignition be present, flash but not continuing burn.
Fire point
the minimum temperature at which enough vapor will be driven from a liquid that, should a sufficient ignition be present, burn and continue burning.
Ignition point
also know as auto-ignition point, is the temperature to which a substance must be heated to start self-sustaining fire independent of ignition source.
Flammable range
the percentage of material by volume over which a flammable vapor-to-air may be expected to ignite.
Specific gravity
the weight of a liquid or solid when compared to water where water equals 1. The liquid or solid that is less than 1 floats while more than one sinks.
Vapor density
the weight of a gas or vapor when compared to air where air equals 1.
Solubility
the amount of matter that will dissolve in a given solvent.
Viscosity
the degree of resistance a fluid has to flow, or as I see it the thickness of the fluid.
Maximum safe storing temperatures (MSST)
the highest storage temperature for specific chemicals such as organic peroxides, temperatures above which may result in slow decomposition or explosion
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
the maximum fuel-to-air mixture where combustion can occur
The different states of matter
are solid, liquid, and gas or vapor.
Explain reactivity & oxidation.
Reactivity is the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction by itself or through molecular interactions with substances it may contact. The reactions is often initiated by energy sources like light, heat, etc. Oxidizers are quite willing to accept electrons or other elements or molecules and form new compounds.
The pH of the material determines
weather or not it is a base, acid (or alkaline), or neutral.
* The pH of the material is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
» The ph scale runs from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral, less than 7 is acid, more than 7 is base or alkaline.
Explain the difference between miscible and immiscible
Miscible is a term used to describe two liquids that mix. Immiscible is the term used to describe two liquids that DONOT mix.
Radiation
are high energy waves and particles. When people hear radiation they are thinking of "Ionizing radiation," which occurs as the result of the decay of an atom's nucleus.
The 4 different types of radiation are
alpha, beta, gamma, and neutrons.
Alpha
are large particles, and low energy. They travel no more than 7 inches and cannot even penetrate a piece of paper.
Beta
are small particles with great penetration ability. It poses external hazard like radiation burns and damage to eyes.
Gamma
are very short energy waves capable of penetrating skin and clothing. It has no mass and can travel up to 1 mile. Gamma can cause damage to DNA and even death.
Neutron
is a very energetic particle that can travel up to 3,000 feet. Very rare and can cause sever damage.
Duration
Short term: Minutes and hrs
Med. Term: Days, weeks, and months
Long Term: Years and generations
Chronic Health Effects are substances that cause long term effects like
sensitizers, carcinogens, mutagen, and teratogens.
Sensitizer
is a substance capable of stimulating an exaggerated response after an initial exposure.
Carcinogen
is any substance capable of producing cancer or a malignant tumor. A Benzene is recognize as a potential carcinogen.
Mutagen
alter the victims genetic structure.
Teratogen
is a substance which is able to cross from a pregnant mother to the unborn fetus.
IDLH-Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health
is an OSHA term that is used as atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiate substance that pose an immediate threat or permanent damage.
PEL-Permissible Exposure Limit
is an OSHA term that limits your time to an average unprotected weighted concentration of 8 hours day and 40 hours a work week.
REL-Recommended Exposure Limit
is a NIOS term that limits your time to an average unexposed to material for up to 10 hours a day and 40 hours a week.
LD50-Lethal Dose-50
refers to the dose of a solid or liquid toxic material measured in milligrams of toxic per kilogram of body weight, that would kill 50% of the people exposed to it. The route may be absorption, ingestion, or injection.
LC50-Lethal Concentration 50
refers to the concentration of a substance measured in terms of parts per million or grams per cubic meter in air that would kill 50% of people exposed. The route of exposure is inhalation.
TLV-TWA-Threshold Limit Valve-Time Weight Average
is an ACGIH term used to describe time you should be exposed to an average concentration being 8 hours day and 40 hours a work week.
TLV-STEL-Threshold Limit Valve-Short Term Exposure Limit
the max amount of material that is allowable for you to be exposed to 15 minutes, 4 times a day with at least 1 hrs between exposure without providing adverse effects.
TLV-C-Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
is the max concentration of a material on may be exposed, exceeding exposure for even a few seconds can cause definite negative effect.
ALARA- As Low As Reasonably Achievable
is a term used for those working with radioactive material. This means the exposure should be kept as low as possible at all times. The philosophy that all responders should keep in mind for all haz mat.