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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Freezing point
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the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.
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Melting point
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the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.-the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
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Vapor pressure
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is the pressure exerted by a vapor above a liquid on the wall of a container.
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Sublimation
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is the process of a solid changing to a vapor or gas without becoming a liquid.
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Flashpoint
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the minimum temperature at which enough vapor will be driven from a liquid that, should a sufficient ignition be present, flash but not continuing burn.
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Fire point
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the minimum temperature at which enough vapor will be driven from a liquid that, should a sufficient ignition be present, burn and continue burning.
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Ignition point
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also know as auto-ignition point, is the temperature to which a substance must be heated to start self-sustaining fire independent of ignition source.
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Flammable range
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the percentage of material by volume over which a flammable vapor-to-air may be expected to ignite.
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Specific gravity
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the weight of a liquid or solid when compared to water where water equals 1. The liquid or solid that is less than 1 floats while more than one sinks.
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Vapor density
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the weight of a gas or vapor when compared to air where air equals 1.
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Solubility
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the amount of matter that will dissolve in a given solvent.
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Viscosity
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the degree of resistance a fluid has to flow, or as I see it the thickness of the fluid.
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Maximum safe storing temperatures (MSST)
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the highest storage temperature for specific chemicals such as organic peroxides, temperatures above which may result in slow decomposition or explosion
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Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
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the maximum fuel-to-air mixture where combustion can occur
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The different states of matter
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are solid, liquid, and gas or vapor.
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Explain reactivity & oxidation.
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Reactivity is the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction by itself or through molecular interactions with substances it may contact. The reactions is often initiated by energy sources like light, heat, etc. Oxidizers are quite willing to accept electrons or other elements or molecules and form new compounds.
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The pH of the material determines
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weather or not it is a base, acid (or alkaline), or neutral.
* The pH of the material is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. » The ph scale runs from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral, less than 7 is acid, more than 7 is base or alkaline. |
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Explain the difference between miscible and immiscible
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Miscible is a term used to describe two liquids that mix. Immiscible is the term used to describe two liquids that DONOT mix.
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Radiation
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are high energy waves and particles. When people hear radiation they are thinking of "Ionizing radiation," which occurs as the result of the decay of an atom's nucleus.
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The 4 different types of radiation are
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alpha, beta, gamma, and neutrons.
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Alpha
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are large particles, and low energy. They travel no more than 7 inches and cannot even penetrate a piece of paper.
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Beta
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are small particles with great penetration ability. It poses external hazard like radiation burns and damage to eyes.
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Gamma
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are very short energy waves capable of penetrating skin and clothing. It has no mass and can travel up to 1 mile. Gamma can cause damage to DNA and even death.
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Neutron
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is a very energetic particle that can travel up to 3,000 feet. Very rare and can cause sever damage.
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Duration
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Short term: Minutes and hrs
Med. Term: Days, weeks, and months Long Term: Years and generations |
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Chronic Health Effects are substances that cause long term effects like
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sensitizers, carcinogens, mutagen, and teratogens.
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Sensitizer
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is a substance capable of stimulating an exaggerated response after an initial exposure.
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Carcinogen
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is any substance capable of producing cancer or a malignant tumor. A Benzene is recognize as a potential carcinogen.
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Mutagen
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alter the victims genetic structure.
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Teratogen
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is a substance which is able to cross from a pregnant mother to the unborn fetus.
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IDLH-Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health
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is an OSHA term that is used as atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiate substance that pose an immediate threat or permanent damage.
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PEL-Permissible Exposure Limit
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is an OSHA term that limits your time to an average unprotected weighted concentration of 8 hours day and 40 hours a work week.
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REL-Recommended Exposure Limit
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is a NIOS term that limits your time to an average unexposed to material for up to 10 hours a day and 40 hours a week.
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LD50-Lethal Dose-50
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refers to the dose of a solid or liquid toxic material measured in milligrams of toxic per kilogram of body weight, that would kill 50% of the people exposed to it. The route may be absorption, ingestion, or injection.
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LC50-Lethal Concentration 50
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refers to the concentration of a substance measured in terms of parts per million or grams per cubic meter in air that would kill 50% of people exposed. The route of exposure is inhalation.
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TLV-TWA-Threshold Limit Valve-Time Weight Average
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is an ACGIH term used to describe time you should be exposed to an average concentration being 8 hours day and 40 hours a work week.
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TLV-STEL-Threshold Limit Valve-Short Term Exposure Limit
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the max amount of material that is allowable for you to be exposed to 15 minutes, 4 times a day with at least 1 hrs between exposure without providing adverse effects.
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TLV-C-Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
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is the max concentration of a material on may be exposed, exceeding exposure for even a few seconds can cause definite negative effect.
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ALARA- As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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is a term used for those working with radioactive material. This means the exposure should be kept as low as possible at all times. The philosophy that all responders should keep in mind for all haz mat.
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