Harrison-Physical Evidence Notes - Forensics

Front 1

The value of trace forensic evidence was first recognized by __________ in _____.

Back 1

Edmund Locard

1910

Front 2

The ___________ states that "with _____between two items, there will be an __________.

Back 2

Locard's Exchange Principle

Contact

Exchange

Front 3

Paint
What is a "class characteristic?

Back 3

Physical or chemical analysis

Front 4

Paint

What is an example of an "individual" characteristic?

Back 4

Color, individual layers

Front 5

Glass
What are three characteristics of glass that could be used to match glass from a crime scene to a suspect?

Back 5

color
Thickness
Chemical composition

Front 6

Explosives
How do scientists match bombs and other explosive devices to suspects?

Back 6

residue and chemicals used can effect the maker of the bomb.

Front 7

Ballistics
What does the abbreviation GSR represent?

Back 7

Gunshot residue

Front 8

Ballisics
what is rifling?

Back 8

distinctive grooves in the barrel left by a bullet

Front 9

Ballistics
What does the acronym IBIS mean?

Back 9

Integrated ballistics identification system

Front 10

Dust & Dirt
How could dust or dirt be used in an investigation?

Back 10

evidence to check if you have stuff from the crime scene

Front 11

Fingerprints

What are the 3 main types of fingerprints?

Back 11

Arch, loop, whorl

Front 12

Fingerprints

What does the acronym AFIS mean?

Back 12

automated fingerprint identification system

Front 13

Impression Evidence

Give 3 examples of impression evidence.

Back 13

Shoeprints, tiretracks, bitemarks

Front 14

Fractures Matches

What are fracture lines?

Back 14

Created when an object is broken
--fracture match results when two pieces of rigid material (plastic, wood, glass, metal, etc.) from separate locations are reconstructed to form a continuous section of that material

Front 15

Fractures Matches

Give an example of a type of evidence that might be identified using a fracture match.

Back 15

tape, glass fragments, ______________ (need one more, I found below)
--Perforated paper products (checks, notebook paper, LSD blotter paper, etc.) can often be linked back to their source via tear matches

Front 16

Wounds

What information can be learned from a wound?

Back 16

size, length, and shape of the weapon

Front 17

Documents
Besides handwriting, what else could an investigator use to match a ransom note to a suspect?

Back 17

Watermarks on stationary or indentation
(how about fingerprints? Hmm)

Front 18

Insects
What type of insects are helpful in a murder investigation?

Back 18

Flies, beetles

Front 19

Insects

What is PMI?

Back 19

Postmortem interval

Front 20

DNA

What types of tissues might be used for DNA testing?

Back 20

Hair, fingernails, bones, teeth

Front 21

DNA
What does the acronym CODIS mean?

Back 21

Combined DNA Index system database of DNA samples

Front 22

Skeletal Remains

What 4 things can be determined from skeletal remains?

Back 22

gender, age, stature, race

Front 23

Skeletal remains

what type of scientist studies skeletal remains?

Back 23

forensic anthropologists

Front 24

Body Fluids

What type of clues could investigators get from body fluid examples.

Back 24

Alcohol levels
DNA (blood, sperm)

Front 25

Hairs & Fibers

How can hairs and fibers be used in an investigation?

Back 25

Hairs and fibers can be matched to suspects or crime scene evidence. It can provide evidence of suspects, clues to the perpetrators appearance or DNA.

Front 26

Hair and Fibers

What must be present in a hair sample to test for DNA?

Back 26

the follicle