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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins (PCNs):
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Kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls
Have a beta-lactam ring "cillins" |
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Amoxicillin combined with clavulanate
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Augmentin**,
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piperacillin combined with tazobactam
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Zosyn***
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ampicillin + sulbactam
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Unasyn***
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Severe anaphylactic shock - occurs within 20 min. - treated with:
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Epinephrine
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Often used for streptococci, pneumococci infections
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amoxicillin*** (Amoxil)
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Beta-lactamase resistant
Major SE: diarrhea |
amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin)***
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Cephalosporin Antibiotics
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Effective against many Gram (+) & gram (-)
the “cef-”s or “ceph-”s or “-cef”s Bacteriocidal: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis If a pt has had an anaphylactic reaction to PCN, cephalosporins should not be given! |
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1st Generation Cephalosporins
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cefadroxil (Duricef) & cephalexin (Keflex)*** - PO; cefazolin*** (Ancef) IM or IV
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2nd Generation Cephalosporins
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cefaclor (Ceclor) - po, cefoxitin (Mefoxin)** - IV, cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef)** –
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3rd Generation Cephalosporins
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cefotaxime (Claforan), ceftazidime (Fortaz)**, ceftriaxone (Rocephin)**
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4th Generation Cephalosporins
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cefepime (Maxipime) ***
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Binds to calcium & iron
Should not be taken with milk (or iron supp.); this decreases the drug’s absorption by ~ 50%! either orally or topically |
Antibiotics: Tetracyclines
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May be given for protozoan infections
Can affect intestinal flora superinfection Oral or topical form may be used for acne |
tetracycline (Sumycin)***
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Antibiotics: Macrolides
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Macrolides also known as erythromycins
Often prescribed for infections resistant to penicillin Common uses: whooping cough, Legionnaire’s Disease, Haemophilus influenza, Mycoplasma pneumonia, strep the “-thromycin”s |
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SE include mostly GI disturbances: mild stomach upset, diarrhea, abd. pain
Should be administered with food Should not be given with statin drugs muscle toxicity |
erythromycin (E-Mycin) , azithromycin (Zithromax aka Z-pack****), clarithromycin (Biaxin)
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Commonly used for respiratory infections like bronchitis
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Azithromycin**** (Zithromax)
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Used to treat serious infections (e-coli, pseudomonas)
IM/IV Side effects: ototoxicity (possibly permanent deafness!), nephrotoxicity (assess BUN & CREATININE & HEARING) the “-micin” or “-mycin”s |
Antibiotics: Aminoglycosides
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gentamicin*****
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Used alone or in combination for serious urinary, respiratory, GI or nervous system infections
Hearing tests and renal function must be monitored –notify M.D. if pt c/o tinnitus, h/a, dizziness – early signs of ototoxicity |
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Fluoroquinolones (the “-floxacin”s)
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ciprofloxacin*** (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin)***, IV or PO
Well absorbed orally, but not with multivitamin or mineral supplements Wide safety margin except: CI (contraindicated) in children < 18 |
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Sulfonamides
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Mostly used for urinary tract infections (UTIs)
S.E.: skin rash, N/V; may increase efficacy of Coumadin |
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for ulcerative colitis and RA
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Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) –
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Miscellaneous Antibiotics often given in combination with other antibiotics for broader coverage
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clindamycin*** (Cleocin) - PO, IM, IV, topical
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vancomycin (Vancocin)*** IV
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Used for drug resistant Staph A. (MRSA), C. difficile, cardiac surgery prophylaxis for clients with PCN allergies
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linezolid (Zyvox)
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new antibiotic for MRSA & VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
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First oral drug FOR Tuberculosis
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isoniazid (INH)***
At least 2 drugs for 6-9 months; depending on the individual – may be on 3 or 4 agents |
