Harning's Paramedic Preparatory Division Review

Front 1

When was the first documented use of an ambulance?

Back 1

1485, during the Seige of Malaga, used by military with no medical care provided.

Front 2

When was the first documented civilian use of an ambulance in the United States?

Back 2

1865 for the Commerce Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Front 3

When was mouth to mouth resuscitation developed?

Back 3

1956, by Dr Elan and Dr Peter Safar

Front 4

"Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" was written in 19___.

Back 4

1965

Front 5

"Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" was also called the:

Back 5

"White Paper"

Front 6

"Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" was written to address what identified weakness in the EMS?

Back 6

Lack of training, lack of laws and standards, poor quality of ambulances and equipment, and lack of communications between ambulance and hospital personnel. It identified the fact that more people were killed in automobile accidents than in the Vietnam War.

Front 7

"Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" identified the need for:

Back 7

and organized and funded EMS system.

Front 8

What is the history of the text Emergency Care for the Sick and Injured, AAOS

Back 8

It was first released in 1967, and was the first textbook for EMS personnel.

Front 9

When was 911 first reserved by American Telephone and Telegraph?

Back 9

1968

Front 10

Where, when, and who began was the first paramedic program?

Back 10

Dr Eugene Nagel, Miami, Florida, 1969.

Front 11

Helicopters were first used for medical response during the:

Back 11

Korean War.

Front 12

Prior to 1940 most ambulances were hosiptal based. What lead EMS to be adopted by fire departments and police?

Back 12

Lack of manpower and fiscal strife following WWI. Ambulance positions were often used as punishment in police and firre departments.

Front 13

This TV show ran for 8 years during the 1970's, and inspired many to become EMS providers.

Back 13

"Emergency" This show helped to lessen the perception of EMS positions as punishment.

Front 14

The EMS System Act of 1973 aimed to:

Back 14

established federal grants to fund studying and planning an support EMS system development, including establishment and initial operation, expansion and improvement, EMS training and research.

Front 15

The American Medical Association recognized Emergency Medicaine as a profession in:

Back 15

1975

Front 16

The Trauma Care System Planning and Development Act was passed in:

Back 16

1990.

Front 17

The Trauma Care System Planning and Development Act lead to the designation of:

Back 17

Trauma Centers and regionalization of speciaity trauma care.

Front 18

In 1975, Nancy Caroline, MD, was awarded the contract for the first:

Back 18

EMT-Paramedic National Standard Curriculum developed for the NHTSA.

Front 19

EMS providers are permitted to provide medical care in the field by the:

Back 19

delegated authority of physicians.

Front 20

Direct medical control is:

Back 20

Communications between field personnel and a medical control physician. Also called "on-line" medical direction.

Front 21

Indirect medical control includes:

Back 21

establishment of system policies and procedures, education, protocol development, quality assurance, and quality improvement. Also called "off-line" medical direction.

Front 22

Protocols

Back 22

Policies and procedures for medical care and other components of EMS care.

Front 23

Standing Orders

Back 23

field medical interventions that can be completed without direct (on-line) medical control.

Front 24

Reciprocity

Back 24

An agency or association grants certification or licensure to an individual who has similar certification or licensure from another agency.

Front 25

Certification

Back 25

An agency or association grants recognition to an individual who meets its' qualification through satisfactory completion of a course or education program.

Front 26

Licensure

Back 26

A government agency grants permission to engage in a given occupation.

Front 27

Ethics

Back 27

Rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group. (Ethics are not laws)

Front 28

System Status Management (SSM)

Back 28

A dynamic posting method or event-driven deployment of EMS resources.

Front 29

Fixed-post staffing

Back 29

EMS respond from centrally located stations.

Front 30

Peak-load staffing

Back 30

Combines system status management and fixed post staffing. During predictable hours of high demand , additional ambulances are placed at strategic locations.

Front 31

Tiered response

Back 31

BLS and ALS units are dispatched based upon call nature and interrogated information.

Front 32

Health Insurance Portablity and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires all healthcare providers to protect:

Back 32

patient privacy during all aspects of medical care including claims processing, data analysis, utilization review, and quality assurance.

Front 33

Voting

Back 33

A process by which the repeater station receiving the strongest incoming signal is chosen to rebroadcast that signal.

Front 34

Encoder

Back 34

A device for generating unique codes or tones that are recognized by another radio's coder.

Front 35

Decoder

Back 35

A device that receives and recognizes unique codes or tones sent over the air.

Front 36

Hertz

Back 36

A measurement of radio frequency, one cycle per second.

Front 37

Band

Back 37

A group of radio frequencies close together on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Front 38

Trunking

Back 38

A system to expedite radio transmission by automatically routing, usually by computer, the transmission to the next available frequency in the order they are received.

Front 39

Biotelemetry

Back 39

The process of transmitting biological data over distance, usually by radio.

Front 40

Modulator

Back 40

A device that transforms electrical energy into sound waves.

Front 41

Simplex transmission

Back 41

Both transmission and reception occur on the same frequencies.

Front 42

Duplex transmission

Back 42

Allows simultaneous two way communications by using two frequencies, works like telephone communication, functions like simplex because the user must release the transmit button to hear the response.

Front 43

Multiplex transmission

Back 43

A method of radio transmission in which voice and other data (biotelemetry) can be transmitted simultaneously by use of multiple frequencies

Front 44

Ten-code system

Back 44

Radio code system published by the Association of Public Safety Communications Officers that uses the number "10" followed by another code number. It is no longer favored, standard English is recommended.

Front 45

Rescue

Back 45

To free from danger or confinement.

Front 46

Safety Officer

Back 46

Knowledge and authority to intervene in unsafe rescue situations.

Front 47

Disentanglement

Back 47

The process of freeing a patient from wreckage, to allow for proper care, removal, and transfer.

Front 48

Extrication

Back 48

The use of force to free a patient from entrapment.

Front 49

Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)

Back 49

An incident involving a large number of patients.

Front 50

Disaster/Catastrophic Incident

Back 50

A mass casualty emergency that overwhelms both local and regional EMS and rescue resources.

Front 51

Incident Command System

Back 51

A management program designed for emergency response in situations requiring special resources (rescue, HazMat, MCIs)

Front 52

Incident Commander

Back 52

The individual in charge of and responsible for all activities at an incident when the Incident Command System is in effect.

Front 53

Sector

Back 53

A component of the Incident Command System consisting of a group of rescuers performing similar tasks at an incident.

Front 54

Sector Officer

Back 54

The person supervising a group of rescuers who are performing a similar function such as extrication, treatment, or transportation.

Front 55

Triage

Back 55

Act of sorting patients by severity of illness or injury.

Front 56

Extrication Sector

Back 56

Responsible for freeing victims from wreckage and managing them at the accident site.

Front 57

Hazard Zone

Back 57

An area of rescue operation that poses a significant physical threat to rescuers as well as victims.

Front 58

Primary Triage and Treatment

Back 58

Identification and treatment that targets life-threatening problems-defined as a compromise of LOC, airway, breathing, or circulatory status (ABCs).

Front 59

Site Safety Officer

Back 59

Assigned by the Incident Commander to oversee incident safety.

Front 60

Treatment Sector

Back 60

Responsible for collecting and treating patients in a centralized treatment area.

Front 61

Transportation Sector

Back 61

Responsible for obtaining and coordinating all patient transportation.

Front 62

Staging Sector

Back 62

Responsible for assembling fire, police, EMS, and other vehicles and apparatus to be ready for deployment in an area close to the incident site.

Front 63

Supply Sector

Back 63

Responsible for obtaining and distributing supplies at a major incident.

Front 64

Triage Sector

Back 64

Responsible for sorting patients according to severity.

Front 65

START

Back 65

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, patients are classified as follows:
Dead/Non Salvageable-obviously dead or with mortal wounds Critical/Immediate- critical injuries impairing ABCs
Delayed-no immediate life threats

Front 66

METTAG

Back 66

Four colored system to categorize and tag patients during triage:
Red-critical;immediate transport
Yellow-less serious, delayed transport
Green-no or mild injuries, transport unnecessary
Black-dead or unsalvageable

Front 67

Burnout

Back 67

Coping mechanisms no longer buffer the job stressors. It can compromise personal health and well-being.

Front 68

Stress

Back 68

Physical or psychological arousal.

Front 69

Stressor

Back 69

Any agent or situation that causes stress.

Front 70

Critical Incidents

Back 70

Events that provoke a powerful emotional impact and cause acute stress.

Front 71

Acute Stress

Back 71

A reaction that occurs soon after a catastrophic event that has a powerful emotional impact on the rescuer.

Front 72

Critical Incident Stress

Back 72

A reaction that occurs soon after a catastrophic event that has powerful emotional impact on the rescuer-synonymous with acute stress reaction. Also described as a normal person's reaction to an abnormal situation.

Front 73

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Back 73

A form of group support, developed by Jeff Mitchell, PhD, to help resuers cope with highly stressful events.

Front 74

Delayed Stress Reaction

Back 74

A stress reaction that occurs days, weeks, or months after a critical incident-also called a post-traumatic stress disorder.

Front 75

Cumulative Stress Reaction

Back 75

Results from continuous exposure to work and non-work related stressors, also called "burnout".

Front 76

Anxiety

Back 76

An emotional state caused by stress that produces physical symptoms:
Heart palpatations
Difficult or rapid breathing
Dry mouth
Chest tightness or pain
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Flushing, diaphoresis, fluctuation in body temperature
Urgency or frequency of urination
Dysmenorrhea, or decreased sex drive
Aching muscles or joints
Backache or headache
Increased blood pressure
Increased blood glucose levels
Increased catecholamine production
Resuced peristalsis in digestive tract
Pupillary dilation

Front 77

Stages of Death and Dying

Back 77

Denial and Isolation
Anger-"Why Me?"
Bargaining-Agreement "I won't die until after the holidays"
Depression-"Who will care for the children?"
Acceptance-often accompanied by fear and despair
These emotional stages often occur in this order, but may spiral back and forth regressing and moving forward. The stages are experienced by dying patients and by surviving loved ones.

Front 78

Extrication

Back 78

The use of force to free a patient.

Front 79

Disentanglement

Back 79

The process of freeing a patient from wreckage.

Front 80

Sector

Back 80

A component of the Incident Command System consisting of a group of rescuers performing similar tasks.

Front 81

Sector Officer

Back 81

A person supervising a group of rescuers within a sector.

Front 82

Triage

Back 82

The act of sorting patients by severity of illness.

Front 83

Staging Sector

Back 83

Responsible for assembling police, fire, EMS, and other resources for ready deployment.

Front 84

Transportation Sector

Back 84

Responsible for obtaining, coordinating, and recording patient transport.

Front 85

Burnout

Back 85

Coping mechanism no longer buffer job stressors.

Front 86

Critical Incidents

Back 86

Events that provoke powerful emotional impact and acute stress response.

Front 87

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Back 87

A formal support group that meets 24-48 hours following a major event.

Front 88

Critical Incident Stress Defusing

Back 88

An informal support group meeting immediately following a critical incident.

Front 89

National Association of EMT's

Back 89

An agency whose goal is national recognition of the EMS profession, professional advancement in EMS, and national standardization of education and continuing education.

Front 90

CN III

Back 90

Pupils

Front 91

CN X

Back 91

Vagus nerve, parasympathetic innervation.