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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hard engineering |
Using man made structures to reduce flooding and erosion.
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Sea walls |
Built from stone/concrete at base of cliff.Curved surface reflects wave energy.£6m for a km +Protects cliff +Flood barrier +Walkways for recreation -Doesn't absorb wave energy -Expensive -Maintenance needed |
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Groynes |
Structures at 90 degree angles to stop longshore drift. £10,000 each +Beach absorbs wave energy +Good for tourism +Cheap -Need more than 1 -Erosion further down -Ugly |
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Rock Armour |
Large boulders at base of cliff £4,000 per metre +Absorb wave energy +Cheap -May not fit with local geology -Needs to be replaced |
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Wooden revetment |
Break wave force + trap material.£1,000 per m +Cheaper than sea wall +Effective -Less durable than sea wall -Don't give total protection |
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Soft engineering |
Using knowledge of the sea and its processes to reduce the effect of flooding and erosion. |
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Beach nourishment |
Sand is added to beaches. £3,000 a metre +Cheap +Absorbs wave energy +Good for tourism -Constant maintenance -Problems at point sand is removed |
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Dune regeneration |
Protecting or creating dunes and planting marram grass to bind them. £2,000 per 100m. +Cheap +Natural environment -Discourages tourists -Maintenance needed |
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Managed retreat |
Low lying land is allowed to flood.£7,500 a hectare +Cheap +Good habitat -Requires compensation -Doesn't offer protection everywhere |
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Gabions |
Cages of boulders built into cliff face. Absorb wave energy. £350 per metre. +Cheap +Quick to build -Used in large numbers -Ugly |
