Harcourt Horizons Grade 6 Chapter 2 Study Guide

Front 1

On a timeline, what does “B.C.” and “A.D.” stand for?

Back 1

B.C. stands for “Before Christ” and A.D. stands for “anno Domini”, a Latin phrase meaning “in the year of the Lord”

Front 2

Where is it the easiest for people to live?

Back 2

Flat land near water.

Front 3

Name four types of government and describe them.

Back 3

Four types of government are:
1. Democracy – government where people elect their leaders
2. Monarchy – government where a King or Queen rules.
3. Dictatorship – government where one person is in complete control.
4. Oligarchy – government where a group of people, not elected by the people, control the country.

Front 4

What is a political region?

Back 4

A political Region is an area of land in which people are ruled under one government.

Front 5

Name reasons why it is easier to live on flat land near water than other places.

Back 5

It is easier because people have water for food and crops, fertile soil and transportation.

Front 6

What is an industry?

Back 6

All the businesses that make one kind of a product or provide one kind of service.

Front 7

What does “adapt” mean?

Back 7

To adjust.

Front 8

What are 3 ways that people adapt to their environment?

Back 8

They adjust to the:
1. Climate – changing clothing to best suit the current climate
2. Population - people can live in areas that used to be too hot or cold to live because of the availability of heating and cooling.
3. Vegetation – using irrigation to water plants in dry areas.

Front 9

What do the patterns, symbols and colors of a national flag express?

Back 9

Designs in flags were used in heraldry. The colors are used to show different qualities (loyalty, courage). Patterns are similar to those used in heraldry and sometimes white stripes were used just to separate two darker colors. Picture symbols can have a religious meaning, tell about an important event in a nation’s history or may tell you about a nation’s physical features (triangles representing volcanoes or mountains).

Front 10

Name and describe four types of industry.

Back 10

1. Primary Industry – provides natural resources
2. Secondary Industry – turns primary resources into finished product.
3. Tertiary Industry – handles goods that are ready to be sold to consumers
4. Quaternary Industry – involves specialized skills or knowledge deals mostly with gathering information

Front 11

What is urbanization?

Back 11

The movement of people from the countryside to the cities

Front 12

What location on earth has a completely perfect environment for human beings?

Back 12

Nowhere

Front 13

Define population distribution.

Back 13

The way a population is spread out over the land.

Front 14

Define migration.

Back 14

The movement of people.

Front 15

What is the “pull” factor of migration? Give an example.

Back 15

“Pull” forces of migration attracts people to certain places. Examples include: better opportunities, job growth, and a safe place to live.

Front 16

What is the “push” factor of migration? Give an example.

Back 16

“Push” forces of migration forces people away from certain places. Examples include: drought, lack of jobs, lack of food, crime

Front 17

Define culture.

Back 17

The way people do things.

Front 18

What is the process through which people learn a culture called?

Back 18

Enculturation

Front 19

How do people learn a culture?

Back 19

By living in a family and growing up as a member of a society.

Front 20

Define cultural borrowing.

Back 20

When societies interact and take culture traits from one another and use them as their own.

Front 21

Define cultural diffusion.

Back 21

The spread of cultural traits from one society to another.

Front 22

How do economists generally divide the economic world?

Back 22

They divide the economic world into 2 groups - developing country or developed country.