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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 5 stages of carcinoma development
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1. initial transformed cell gives rise to pre neoplastic pop
2. clonal cells that are similiar progress to higher dysplasia 3. more changes lead to carcinoma in situ 4. cells become metastic carcinoma 5. cells have similiar characteristics as precursor cells, but have unique characteristics of there own |
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In culture how often do mam cells divide
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24 hours
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what are the two major steps of regulation in the cell cycle
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1. entry into the S phase and into the M phase
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what promoting factor regulates entry of the cell cycle to the S phase
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SPF S phase promoting factor
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what composes SPF
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CdK cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclins
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what regulates the Rb retinoblastoma tumor suppressing factor
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CdK Cyclin-dependent kinase
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what does unphosphorylated Rb bind and inhibit
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transscription factor E2F
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what does E2F do
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transcription factor which is necessary for the transcription genes required for S phase
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what inhibits SPF CdK
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CdK-interacting protein Pic 1/WAF/p21
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what regulates the entry into the M phase
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MPF
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what is MPF composed of
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cdc2 and cyclins
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what does cdc2 do
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phosphorylates nuclear histone and lamin
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what is the purpose of phosphorylating nuclear histone and lamin
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these are required for chromosome condensation and nuclear membrane breakdown.
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what is the most common gene mutated in human carcinomas
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p53
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what is normal p53 responsable for
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sensing cell abnormalities and shutting down cell division Or Apoptosis
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what does wild type p53 do in a cell speciclly what does it turn on
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Pic1/p21
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T or F in a normal cell the levels of p53 are high and degraded slowly
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F low and fast
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what are carcinomas derived from
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epithelia cells (kidneys pancreas ect)
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what are sarcomas derived from
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mesodermal cells (blood bone ect)
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what is the most common type of human cancer
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carinomas
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T or F carcinomas develop in a single step prosses
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F multi-step as evidence in the non-linear developmental line
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what two familial genes have been discovered to be involved in colon cancer
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fap
hnpcc |
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what is the fap gene responsible for
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codes for porteins that do cell adhesion
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what does hnpcc gene do
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invovled with DNA repair
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what are the 3 major proteins involved in Mismatch nucleotide repair
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Mut s-initiation and recognition
Mut h- structural for other proteins to bind Mut L - same as mut H |
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what type of cancer can Hep C and B cause
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liver carcinoma
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what can papillomaviruses cause
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cervical carcinoma that binds and inhibits p53
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what are SV40 and polyomavirus
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small dna virues taht could have roles in human cancer
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What does epstien barr virus cause
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mononucleosis
burkitts lymphoma in africa |
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what does retrovirus cause
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adult T-cell leukemia and kaposi's sarcoma
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what are the 3 genes required by a retrovirus
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gag, pol, env
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what is RSV
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rous sarcoma virus
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what does RSV do
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causes tumors in animals and their genomes contain extra genes
RSV contains the src gene |
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what is the difference in a proto-oncogene and an oncogene in RSV
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the oncogene lacks the C-terminal region
so it can't regulate the autophosphorylation of tyrosine 527 |
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what form of src gene is active in human cancers
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C-src
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