Handbook Of Omt Chapter 8

Front 1

Reflex

Back 1

Response to a stimulus tha tarises in a receptor/receptive neuron and passes to a nerve center and then outward to an effector such as a gland or muscle. A typical spinal reflex is comprised of an afferent limb representing the sensory input, a central limb representing the spinal pathway, and an efferent limb representing the motor pathway to muscles or the autonomic nervous system to viscera.

Front 2

Viscero-somatic reflex

Back 2

Localized visceral stimuli produce a reflex response via same-segment somatic efferents. For example, localized stimulus of an organ may produce a response or tenderpoint in a muscle or other somatic structure whose innervation arises from the same segment.

Front 3

Somato-visceral reflex

Back 3

Localized somatic stimuli produce a reflex response via same-segment visceral efferents. For example, a tenderpoint over a particular msucle may produce a response in the viscera whose innervation arises from the same segment.

Front 4

Psycho-visceral reflex

Back 4

Psychic stimuli such as stress, anxiety, depression, etc may produce a reflex response in various organs whose innervatoin is received, in part, from the brain. The psychic stimuli may work through the neuroendocrine axis, effecting profound visceral changes via endorcine control. Stress and anxiety provoke sympathetic nervous system stimulation, causing multiple visceral changes.

Front 5

Psychosomatic reflex

Back 5

Psychic stimuli such as those noted above produce a relfex response in somatic structures whose innervation is received in part from the brain. A psychosomatic reflex must involve the reflex components. an indirect effect may be realized by mental states such as anxiety and stress that ultimately stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing significant changes in somatic structures. In extreme stimulation of the sympathic nervous system, the adrenal gland may be stimulated to release epinephrine, the vascular and metabolic changes incurred in this fashion may have striking effects on the somatic structures.

Front 6

Somatosomatic reflex

Back 6

Localized somatic stimuli produce a relfex response in somatic structures whose innervation is derived from the same segment. For example, a strained muscle may produce muscle dysfunction in othe rmuscles innervated by the same segment.

Front 7

Viscerovisceral

Back 7

A localized visceral stimulus produces a relfex response in visceral strcutures whose innervation is derived from the same segment.