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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or False: In the late 1800's psychiatrists believed, that mental illness could be attributed to some sort of biological disturbance.
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True
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Who developed the first systematic nosologic (classification) system (ie- the DSM)?
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Emil Kraepelin
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In initial clinical trials, this drug, resulted in marked behavioral changes in manic and schizophrenic patients.
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Thorazine (chlorpromazine)
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This drug, was the first anti-depressent, developed in 1952.
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iproniazid (an MAO inhibitor)
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This drug, was the first tricyclic antidepressant, developed in 1954 and put on the market in 1957.
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imipramine (Tofranil)
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The first minor tranquilizer:
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meprobamate
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Other minor tranquilizers to follow meprobamate:
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benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
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The first drug used to treat Bipolar d/o.
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lithium carbonate
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small space separating individual nerve cells.
-junction between two neurons -100 trillion of them |
synapses
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chemical substance that functions as a messenger.
-manufactured in the cell body, then transported down the axon for storage in vesicles |
neurotransmitters
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True or False: Studies indicate that the combined use of pharmacotherapy and pscyhotherapy is superior to either single treatment alone.
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True
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Mental disorders can be a result of _______ factors, _______ factors, or both.
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biological, psychological
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a concept describing conditions where a very specific response can be predicted with tremendous regularity when a stimulus is applied.
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stimulus-response specificity
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short, branched structures projecting out from the cell body. transmits impulses or info toward the cell body. (may be one or many on each cell)
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dendrites
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relays electrical impulses away from the body cell toward the terminal bouton
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axon
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at the end of the axon, stores neurotransmitters to be released into synapse
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terminal bouton
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fundamental unit of the nervous system; all functions of the brain results from actions of individual neurons and interconnections between them.
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neurons
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neuron that releases the neurotransmitters
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presynaptic
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neuron that received the neurotransmitters
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postsynaptic
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True or False: many of the currently available antidepressants operate via reuptake inhibition
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True
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What are the 3 basic units of the brain?
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1) brain stem
2) central core (limbic system, diencephalon & basal ganglia) 3) cerebral cortex |
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This primitive part of the brain is the size of the pea but is responsible for regulating a host of biological functions.
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hypothalamus
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The Limbic system is involved in what 3 primary functions?
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1) appraisal of emotional stimuli
2) initiation of emotional responses (fight or flight) 3) shutting down reactivity after external stressors subside |
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The nervous system is divided into what two parts?
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Central Nervous System & Peripheal Nervous System
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The central nervous system is divided into what two parts?
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Brain & Spinal cord
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The Peripheal nervous system is divided into what two parts?
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Autonomic & Somatic
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The Autonomic nervous system is divided in two what two parts?
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Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
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The Autonomic nervous system does what?
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innervates involuntary organs (heart, smooth muscles and glands)
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The Sympathetic nervous system does what?
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plays a role in the fight or flight response. mobilizes in times of stressful situations
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The parasympathetic nervous system does what?
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activated in times of relaxation, reduces heart rate and blood pressure.
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pharmacodynamics
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the drugs effect on the body
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pharmacokinetics
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the body's affect on the drug
4 basic factors: absorption, distribution, biotransformation & excretion |
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absorption
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most drugs are initially absorbed in the stomach or small intestine
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distribution
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once a drug has been absorbed and reaches the bloodstream, it is then distributed to various organs or sites of action throughout the body
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biotransformation
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metabolism, primarily occurs in the liver
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Excretion
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the process by which drugs are eliminated from the body. primarily happens in the kidneys.
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Steady State
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occurs when concentrations of a medication in the bloodstream have reached a plateau so that the amount administered is equal to the amount being eliminated.
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Enzyme Inhibition
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most frequent of all drug interactions, occurs when two drugs rely on the same enzyme system for metabolism.
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agonist
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ligand activates the receptor
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antagonist
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ligand occupies a receptor site but doesnt activate it
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