Haley Ch 7 Anatomy

Front 1

apneustic area

Back 1

the respiratory area in the pons that promotes inspiration

Front 2

asthma

Back 2

a disease characterized by muscular spasms of the bronchial tubes and subsequent mucous membrane edema resulting in wheezing, difficulty breathing, and cough; often triggered by allergens

Front 3

bradykinesia

Back 3

slow movement; difficulty initiating and regulating movement once begun; associated with Parkinson's.

Front 4

cannula

Back 4

component of the tracheostomy tube. (outer and inner tubes)

Front 5

chemoreceptors

Back 5

a sensory receptor that detects chemical stimuli in the environment and transduces it into an action potential

Front 6

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 6

various diseases of the lower airways; often referred to as emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Front 7

congestive heart failure

Back 7

inadequate pumping of blood by the heart, resulting in poor circulation

Front 8

desaturation

Back 8

decreased levels of oxygen in the arterial blood

Front 9

dowagers hump

Back 9

colloquial term for hyperkyphosis describing excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae; usually seen in elderly women

Front 10

dyspnea

Back 10

general term for difficult or labored breathing

Front 11

emphysema

Back 11

chronic and irreversible lung disease characterized by enlargement of the alveoli due to breakdown of their walls and loss of elasticity; often associated with smoking

Front 12

endotracheal intubation

Back 12

tube passing through the trachea

Front 13

Freidreich's ataxia

Back 13

a rare hereditary spinocerebellar degenerative disorder in which there is a progressive loss of balance and coordination, muscles atrophy over time, and may develop scoliosis. reduced coordination of speech processes and respiration.

Front 14

hypercapnia

Back 14

elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Front 15

hypoxemia

Back 15

low blood oxygen levels

Front 16

inhalatory stridor

Back 16

an audible, noisy sound produced by an obstruction within the larynx (usually adducted vocal folds) during inhalation

Front 17

kyphosis

Back 17

an abnormal anterior curvature of the spine; also known as "swayback"

Front 18

lordosis

Back 18

an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine; also known as "roundback"

Front 19

mechanoreceptors

Back 19

sensory receptors that respond to mechanical deformation of tissue such as compressing, stretching, etc.; for the respiratory system, these are found in the pulmonary apparatus and chest wall

Front 20

multiple sclerosis

Back 20

an acquired, degenerative, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system

Front 21

muscular dstrophy

Back 21

a genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle deterioration and weakness

Front 22

nasal cannulae

Back 22

tubes inserted into the nasal openings to deliver oxygen

Front 23

nebulizer

Back 23

a mechanical device used to administer medication to individuals with respiratory disease via a liquid mist to the airways

Front 24

osteoporosis

Back 24

significant loss of bone density

Front 25

paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM)

Back 25

adductory rather than normal abductory vocal fold movement during inspiration resulting in constriction or complete occlusion of the airway

Front 26

phrenic nerve

Back 26

the nerve created by combined branches of spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5 that innervates the diaphragm

Front 27

pill-rolling

Back 27

a movement of the hands which may be present in persons with Parkinson's Disease

Front 28

pneumonia

Back 28

lung inflammation that is secondary to infection or other causes such as aspiration

Front 29

pneumotaxic area

Back 29

the respiratory area in the pons that inhibits inspiration to prevent overinflation of the lungs

Front 30

pneumothorax

Back 30

the presence of gas in the pleural cavity which results in a collapsed lung

Front 31

pulmonary edema

Back 31

abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs

Front 32

pulse oximeter

Back 32

a medical device used to measured heart rate or pulse as well as to estimate blood oxygen levels

Front 33

respiration

Back 33

the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide at the level of the alveoli in the lungs

Front 34

scoliosis

Back 34

a lateral spinal curvature or "sideways" bending of the spine

Front 35

speaking valve

Back 35

a one-way valve that is fitted on the stoma end of the tracheostomy tube that allows the patient to breathe in through the valve, but on expiration the pressure of expired air closes the valve so that air is redirected to the upper airway similar to manual occlusion. It allows the patient to speak on expired air without having to manually occlude the stoma.

Front 36

stoma

Back 36

a surgical opening into the body from the outside

Front 37

tracheotomy

Back 37

the surgical incision made around the second or third tracheal rings

Front 38

tuberculosis

Back 38

a bacterial infectious disease characterized by ulcerations and the formation of cavities in the lungs; accompanied by cough and fever

Front 39

ventilation

Back 39

the movement of air in and out of the lungs