Hair Cutting Terminology

Front 1

Bonds involving the sharing of electrons of two or more atoms.

Back 1

Chemical Bonds

Front 2

Negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

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Electrons

Front 3

Chemical bond formed between two Sulfur atoms in amino acids.

Back 3

Disulfide Bond

Front 4

Found in cortex of hair; side bond containing sulfur.

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Disulfide Bond

Front 5

Directly affected by perming and relaxing.

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Disulfide Bond

Front 6

Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen & nitrogen.

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Amino Acids

Front 7

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom; energy nutrient in food; makes up 10% of RDA guidelines.

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Protein

Front 8

Bonds that can only be broken by water or heat.

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Physical Bonds

Front 9

Side bonds that work on the principle that unlike charges attract; can be broken by water or heat.

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Hydrogen Bonds

Front 10

End bond of amino acids where amino ends attach to acid ends.

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Peptide Bonds

Front 11

Bonds formed when amino acids are lined up side by side.

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Side Bonds

Front 12

Hair on face.

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Barba

Front 13

Hair on head.

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Capilla

Front 14

Eyelashes

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Cilia

Front 15

Eyebrows

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Supercilia

Front 16

Short, fine, downy hair that first appears on the body.

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Lanugo

Front 17

Replaces lanugo hair.

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Vellus

Front 18

Technical term for the study of hair.

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Trichology

Front 19

To add beauty to look and feel good.

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Adornment

Front 20

Only part of hair which is alive; the hair follicle forms a cluster of cells in the upper layer of skin.

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Hair Bulb

Front 21

The portion of hair that extends above the skin's surface.

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Hair Strand/Fibre/Shaft

Front 22

A cluster of cells in the upper layer of the skin; the cell cluster pulls the upper layer down with it creating a tube-like pocket called the root sheath, out of which the hair will grow.

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Follicle

Front 23

The portion of hair that is inside the hair follicle, under the skin's surface.

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Hair Root

Front 24

A tube-like pocket created when a cluster of cells in the upper layer of the skin pull the upper layer down.

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Root Sheath

Front 25

Comprised of smaller microfibres that are held together by four types of chemical bonds.

Back 25

Cortex of the Hair

Front 26

Responsible for about 35% of hair's strength and nearly all its elasticity.

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Hydrogen Bonds

Front 27

Only bond broken down by water.

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Hydrogen Bonds

Front 28

Responsible for another 35% of hair's strength and hosts attachment sites for hair colour.

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Salt Bonds

Front 29

Responsible for hair's toughness or abrasion resistance; important for successful permanent waving; effected by ALL chemicals.

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Cystine Bonds

Front 30

Holds one amino acid chain to another by positive acid to negative alkaline attraction.

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Polypeptide Bonds

Front 31

Hair is primarily comprised of this protein.

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Keratin

Front 32

This bond is the backbone of all protein bonds.

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Peptide Bond

Front 33

This is the most important side bond to be concerned about as a cosmetologist.

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Disulfide Bond

Front 34

Amino acids that create protein are linked together by this bond.

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Peptide Bond

Front 35

A hydrogen bond is very weak and can be broken by this.

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Heat and Water

Front 36

Hydrogen bonds work on the principle that this kind of charge attracts.

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Opposite

Front 37

Healthy hair can be stretched this much when wet.

Back 37

50%

Front 38

Healthy hair can be stretched this much when dry.

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20%

Front 39

Hair protects us from these elements.

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Heat and Cold

Front 40

The only cells of the hair that are alive.

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Hair Bulb

Front 41

The cluster of cells in the epidermis from which the hair follicle forms.

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Primitive Root Germ

Front 42

Oval or round root sheath produces this kind of hair.

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Straight

Front 43

Elliptical or flat root sheath produces this kind of hair.

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Kinky

Front 44

Provides nourishment for the primitive hair germ.

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Papilla

Front 45

Arrector pilli muscles come from cells in this layer of skin.

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Dermis

Front 46

Arrector pilli muscles aid in the secretion of this.

Back 46

Sebum

Front 47

Causes the hair to stand on end when cold or scared.

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Arrector Pilli Muscles

Front 48

A hardening process that causes the three major layers of the hair.

Back 48

Keratinization

Front 49

The outer covering of the hair shaft.

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Cuticle

Front 50

Bulges attached to the sides of root sheathes.

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Sebaceous Glands

Front 51

As cells begin their journey through the hair follicle, they become these.

Back 51

Cuticle scales; cortex; medulla cells.

Front 52

The twisting of the macrofibrils in the cortex gives hair the ability to do this.

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Stretch

Front 53

The hair growth stage when all cell division stops.

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Catagen Stage

Front 54

Hair colour is darker during this stage.

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Anagen Stage

Front 55

The stage of hair growth when the hair bulb has no attached root to the sheath.

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Telogen

Front 56

The three things that affects the way hair behaves.

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Heredity; environment; products used on hair.

Front 57

Three things that can affect the structural organization of the hair.

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Hair dryers; perms; shampoo.

Front 58

Hair that is 90% cortex and 10% cuticle would have more of this than hair that is 60% cortex and 40% cuticle.

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Elasticity

Front 59

Melanin is found mainly in this section of the hair.

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Cortex

Front 60

Bundles called melanosomes are formed by these.

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Melonocytes

Front 61

Melain is brown/black hair.

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Eumelanin

Front 62

Melanin in lighter coloured hair is found only in this section of the hair.

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Cortex

Front 63

Lack of pigement in the skin and hair.

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Albanism

Front 64

A client's hair type may be determined by these.

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Touch; visual examination; density.

Front 65

The coarseness of firmness of the hair fibre is known as this.

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Texture

Front 66

Hair that absorbs the least amount of moisture is described as this.

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Resistant

Front 67

Hair with normal ability to absorb moisture is said to have this.

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Average Porosity

Front 68

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking.

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Elasticity

Front 69

Wet hair can be stretched up to this amount of its length.

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40% to 50%

Front 70

Caused by cracks in the cuticle.

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Split Ends

Front 71

This determines & produces the number of melanocytes in the hair and pigment.

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Genes

Front 72

Melanin in red hair is predominantly this.

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Pheomelanin

Front 73

Reduced colour pigment in the cortex layer of the hair can result in this.

Back 73

Grey Hair

Front 74

Damaged hair due to chemical services or environment is said to have these.

Back 74

Extreme Porosity

Front 75

Hair with a combination of porosities is referred to as having this.

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Uneven Porosity

Front 76

The technical name for the study of hair.

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Trichology

Front 77

The layer of the hair fibre that gives hair its pigment and elasticity.

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Cortex

Front 78

The amount of moisture hair can absorb.

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Porosity

Front 79

Describes hair that has been damaged from chemical services or the environment.

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Extreme Porosity