Hae Abdomen 5

Front 1

what's the origin of the psoas major?

Back 1

the first 4 lumbar vertebrae

Front 2

what's the insertion of the psoas major?

Back 2

the lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 3

what nerve supplies the quadratus lumborum and the psoas major?

Back 3

nerves from the upper lumbar plexus

Front 4

what muscle des the psoas join with before its insertion?

Back 4

the iliacus to form the iliopsoas

Front 5

what does the median arcuate ligament pass over?

Back 5

the aorta

Front 6

what does the medial arcuate ligament pass over?

Back 6

the posoas major

Front 7

what does the lateral arcuate ligament pass over?

Back 7

the quadratus lumborum

Front 8

where is the diaphragm when it's relaxed?

Back 8

at the level of the 4th intercostal space

Front 9

which side of the diaphragm is more cranial and why?

Back 9

the right due to the liver underneath

Front 10

what are the four parts of the diaphragm?

Back 10

lumbar, costal, sternal, and central tendon

Front 11

where does the lumbar part of the diaphragm arise?

Back 11

the lumbar vertebral bodies forming the left and right crus of the esophagus

Front 12

where does the costal portion of the diaphragm arise?

Back 12

ribs 12-6

Front 13

where does the sternal part of the diaphragm arise?

Back 13

the xiphi-sternal junction

Front 14

where is the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Back 14

a cloverleaf shape in the center

Front 15

what are the three major openings in the diaphragm for?

Back 15

the esophagus, inferior vena cava, and aorta

Front 16

what is the action of the psoas muscle?

Back 16

flexor of the thigh

Front 17

where is the retroperitoneum in relation to the muscles of the posterior abdomen?

Back 17

anterior to the muscles

Front 18

through what do the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves pass through the diaphragm?

Back 18

through the crura

Front 19

through what does the hemiazygous vein pass to get into the abdomen?

Back 19

the left crura

Front 20

what do the sympathetic trunks pass under to get through the diaphragm?

Back 20

the medial arcuate ligaments

Front 21

where do the superior epigastric vessels travel as they go into the diaphragm?

Back 21

between the sternal and costal insertions

Front 22

what arteries supply the diaphragm and what artery do they branch from?

Back 22

the pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic, which come from the internal thoracic artery

Front 23

what do the inferior phrenic arteries do and where do they branch from?

Back 23

the abdominal side of the diaphragm, they come from the aorta

Front 24

what innervates the central portion of the diaphragm?

Back 24

the phrenic nerve

Front 25

what innervates the periphery of the diaphragm?

Back 25

intercostal nerves

Front 26

where do the arota, thoracic duct, and azygous vein cross the diaphragm

Back 26

t12, through the aortic hiatus

Front 27

where do the esophagus and vagus trunks cross the diaphragm?

Back 27

at t10, through the esophageal hiatus

Front 28

where does the inferior vena cava cross the diaphragm?

Back 28

through the central tendon at t8

Front 29

what areas of the diaphragm are prone to congenital and large hernias?

Back 29

foramen of morgani and foramen of bochdalek, respectively

Front 30

where is the sma with respect to the duodenum?

Back 30

anterior

Front 31

what is the lowest the diaphragm can go (upon forcible inhalation)?

Back 31

to the 6th space

Front 32

what is the name of the left crus where it attaches to the duodenum?

Back 32

suspensory ligament of duodenum or ligament of treitz

Front 33

what type of innervation do the phrenics provide to the diaphragm?

Back 33

afferent and efferent?

Front 34

do the intercostal nerves have afferents or efferents to the diaphragm?

Back 34

afferents

Front 35

where is the extraperitoneal space?

Back 35

between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum

Front 36

what is the extraperitoneal space called posteriorly?

Back 36

the retroperitoneal space

Front 37

what is the extraperitoneal space called anteriorly?

Back 37

the properitoneal space

Front 38

what solid viscera are secondarily retroperitoneal?

Back 38

the pancreas

Front 39

what hollow viscera are secondarily retroperitoneal?

Back 39

the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th portions of the duodenum, and the ascending and descending portions of the colon

Front 40

what viscera are primarily retroperitoneal?

Back 40

the kidneys and adrenal glands

Front 41

what levels do the kidneys lie between?

Back 41

t12 and l3

Front 42

what layers are found outside of the renal capsule

Back 42

sequentially, the perirenal (perinephric) fat, renal fascia (gerota's fascia) and pararenal fat body

Front 43

what nerves are behind the kidney?

Back 43

the iliolumbar and iliohypogastric

Front 44

what type of arteries are the reanal arteries?

Back 44

end arteries

Front 45

where does the left renal vein empty into?

Back 45

the vena cava after crossing anterior to the aorta

Front 46

where do the renal arteries come from?

Back 46

the aorta around l1

Front 47

what veins does the left renal vein receive?

Back 47

the left gonadal and left suprarenal

Front 48

whre does the right renal vein drain?

Back 48

the vena cava

Front 49

where do the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain?

Back 49

the vena cava

Front 50

what is morison's pouch?

Back 50

aka the hepatorenal fossa, the most dependent portion of the abdomen

Front 51

where is the ureter with respect to the gonadal vessels?

Back 51

posterior

Front 52

what side of the ureter does its blood supply come from?

Back 52

medial

Front 53

what provides sympathetic innervation to the kidneys?

Back 53

the thoracic splanchnics (especially the least)

Front 54

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys

Back 54

the vagus nerve

Front 55

where do areries to the suprarenal glands come from and what arteries do they form?

Back 55

the inferior phrenic --> superior
the aorta --> middle
the renal --> inferior suprarenal

Front 56

where does the right adrenal drain and by how many veins?

Back 56

ivc, one

Front 57

how many veins drain the left adrenal and where do they go?

Back 57

one, left renal vein

Front 58

what controls endocrine secretion from the suprarenal cortex?

Back 58

acth from the pituitary

Front 59

what's the embryologic orgin of the suprarenal cortex?

Back 59

mesoderm

Front 60

what's the embryologic origin of the suprarenal medulla?

Back 60

neural crest

Front 61

what effect to postganglionic sympathetics have on the suprarenal gland?

Back 61

vasomotor in both the cortex and medulla

Front 62

what does the suprarenal cortex secrete?

Back 62

corticosteriods

Front 63

what effect do preganglionic sympathetics have on the suprarenal gland?

Back 63

cause the medulla to secrete adrenaline

Front 64

what level does the cisterna chyli appear at?

Back 64

l2

Front 65

what does the cisterna chyli recieve?

Back 65

the right and left lumbar trunks as well as the intestinal trunk

Front 66

what three groups are the para-aortic lymph nodes divided into?

Back 66

pre-aortic group, lateral aortic group, and retroaortic group

Front 67

what nodes to the pre aortic group serve

Back 67

the right and left intestinal trunks

Front 68

what nodes do the lateral thoracic group receive lymph from?

Back 68

right and left upper and lower regions, right and left lumbar lymphatic trunks

Front 69

where do the retroaortic lymph nodes receive from?

Back 69

the right and left lower regions

Front 70

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate, and what does it bifurcate into?

Back 70

at l4 it bifurcates into the two common iliacs

Front 71

what dermatome overlies the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?

Back 71

t10

Front 72

what are the ventral branches of the aa and are they visceral or parietal?

Back 72

celiac, sma, ima, all visceral

Front 73

what are the lateral branches of the aa and are they visceral or parietal?

Back 73

inferior phrenic (parietal)
middle suprarenal, renal, gonadal (visceral)

Front 74

what are the dorsal branches of the aa and are they visceral or parietal?

Back 74

lumbar, median sacral (parietal)

Front 75

what crosses the common iliacs anteriorly?

Back 75

the sympathetic nerves to the pelvic plexuses and the ureters

Front 76

where do the external iliac arteries go?

Back 76

along the border of the psoas major, then into the thigh under the inguinal ligament

Front 77

what appears in the fork between the sma and aorta?

Back 77

the uncinate process of the pancreas, left renal vein, and 3rd portion of the duodenum

Front 78

how many posterior branches does the aa have and what are they?

Back 78

four lumbar branches

Front 79

what does the external iliac branch into?

Back 79

the inferior epigastric and the deep circumflex iliac

Front 80

where does the inferior vena cava form and from what?

Back 80

at l5 from the common iliac veins

Front 81

what does the inferior vena cava receive?

Back 81

the lumbar, right gonadal, renal veins, right suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins, and hepatic veins

Front 82

where do the common iliacs cross inguinal ligament?

Back 82

1/2 way between the pubic tubercle and asis, posterior to the ligament

Front 83

if there is an obstruction in the inferior vena cava, can blood continue crainially?

Back 83

yes, through the ascending lumbar and azygous then into the ivc superiorly

Front 84

what forms the posterior wall of the foramen of winslow?

Back 84

the vena cava

Front 85

how many lumbar splanchnic nerves are there usually?

Back 85

4-6

Front 86

what do the lumbar splanchnic nerves do?

Back 86

provide major autonomic sympathetic innervation to the left side of the colon and pelvic viscera

Front 87

where do the lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse?

Back 87

preaortic ganglia (the syperior hypogastric plexus) or inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus) or beyond

Front 88

are the lumbar splanchnic nerves pre or postganglionic?

Back 88

preganglionic

Front 89

what makes up the lumbar plexus?

Back 89

the ventral rami of spinal nerves l1-l4

Front 90

what do the muscular branches of the lumbar plexus supply?

Back 90

the quadratus lumborum, psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus

Front 91

what do the sensory branches of the lumbar plexus supply?

Back 91

the abdomen, scrotum and upper thigh

Front 92

what nerves are the sensory branches of the lumbar plexus?

Back 92

the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral

Front 93

where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve go and what does it supply?

Back 93

under the inguinal ligament to supply the skin of the lateral thigh to the knee

Front 94

where does the femoral nerve go?

Back 94

along the lateral border of he posas major under the iliac fascia, enters the thigh below the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral vessels

Front 95

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

Back 95

the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Front 96

where does the obturator nerve go?

Back 96

along the medial border of the psoas major throught obturator foramen

Front 97

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

Back 97

the medal (adductor) compartment of the thigh

Front 98

what's the origin of the subcostal nerve?

Back 98

t12

Front 99

what are the origins of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves?

Back 99

l1

Front 100

what's the origin of the genitofermoral nerve?

Back 100

l1,2

Front 101

what's the origin of the femoral nerve?

Back 101

l2,3,4

Front 102

what's the origin of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Back 102

l2,3

Front 103

what's the origin of the obturator?

Back 103

l2,3,4

Front 104

what does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

Back 104

the skin of proxomedial thigh, upper scrotum/labia majora

Front 105

what does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

Back 105

the posterior gluteal skin, and suprapubic skin

Front 106

what does the genitofemoral nerve supply?

Back 106

the cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum/labia majora and femoral triangle