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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the hepatic diverticulum?
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a growth on the embryological caudal foregut (becomes the duodenm) that invades the septum transversum and becomes the liver, gallblader, and billiary drainage system
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what embryologic structure is the falciform ligament a remainder of?
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the ventral mesentery and the left umbilical vein
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what are the attachment points for the falciform ligament?
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the umbilicus and the diaphragmatic surface of the liver
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what does the falciform ligament separate into at the liver?
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the coronary and triangular ligaments
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what two ligaments form the lesser omentum?
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the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
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what strucutre does the lesser omentum form the roof of?
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the lesser sac aka omental bursa
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what forms the anterior wall of the foramen of winslow
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the hepatoduodenal ligament
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what does the septum transversum become?
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the central tendon of the diaphragm
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which part of the liver attaches to the diaphragm?
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the eventual bare area, located between the anterior and posterior leaves of the coronary ligament
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what is the subphrenic recess?
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the space between the liver and the diaphragm
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what is the hepatorenal recess?
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the space between the coronary ligament of the liver and the kidney - the most dependent part in the abdominal cavity
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what's the other name of the hepatorenal recess?
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morison's pouch
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what is the posterior wall of morison's pouch?
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the right hemi-diaphragm
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which liver surface has h-shaped fissures?
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the visceral surface
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what forms the right fissure of the liver's h fissure?
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the inferior vena cava and fundus of the gallbladder
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what forms the left fissure on the liver's h shaped fissure
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the ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum
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what embryological structure was the ligamentum teres?
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the left umbilical vein
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what embyrological structure was the ligamentum venosum?
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the ductus venosum
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what forms the cross of the h on the liver's h shaped fissure?
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the porta hepatis
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what is in the porta hepatis?
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the bile duct, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery
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what lobes does the porta hepatis separate?
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the caudate and quadrate lobes
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which is superior, the caudate or quadrate lobe?
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the caudate
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what is the portal triad?
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the proper hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic duct
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what are the four macroscopic segments of the liver based on external features?
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the right, left, caudate and quadrate
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how many lobes is the liver functionally divided into?
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two, the right and left
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which lobe are the quadrate and caudate in?
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the left lobe
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what separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
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the right sagittal fissure
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how many segments can the two lobes of the liver be divided into?
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8 segments, each with a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct
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which organs leave surface impressions on the liver?
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the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, kidney, and right adrenal gland
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what supplies blood to the liver?
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the portal vein and hepatic artery
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how much (precentage) of the blood to the liver comes from the portal vein?
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70-80%
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what arteries come off of the common hepatic artery?
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the gastroduodenal, then becomes the proper hepatic, then the right gastric comes off, then splits to right and left hepatic arteries
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which artery does the cystic artery branch from?
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the right hepatic artery
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what is the first capillary bed in the portal system ending at the liver?
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the intestinal tract, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder
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what do the hepatic veins do?
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drain hepatic segments and and return blood to the heart
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where does the middle hepatic vein lie
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between the right and left functional lobes of the liver
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where do the hepatic veins drain?
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the ivc
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what is the capacity of the stomach in an adult?
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1500 mL
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where is the cardia?
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around the orifice of the esophagus in the stomach
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what are rugae?
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the longitudinal folds found on the interior of the stomach
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what is the function of the stomach?
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convert food to chyme
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what are the three major vessels of the celiac axis?
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left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic
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what former embryologic structure does the celiac axis supply?
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the foregut
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where is the celiac plexus (level)?
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between t12 and l1
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what nerves does the celiac plexus receive preganglionic branches from?
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the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
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what parasympathetic nerves contribute to the celiac plexus?
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the vagus nerve
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what are the function of the sprial valves in the gallbladder?
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keep the system from kinking
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what do the right and left hepatic ducts join to form?
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the common hepatic duct
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what duct is formed when the cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct?
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the common bile duct
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what dilation is found immediately after the pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct?
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the ampulla of vater
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what is the sphincter of oddi?
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smooth muscle surrounding the ampulla of vater
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what does the sphincter of oddi to?
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controls release of bile and pancreatic secretions
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where does the common bile duct terminate?
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the major duodenal papilla
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where does the uncinate process lie with respect to the sma?
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posterior
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what might happen to the embryological dorsal pancreatic duct?
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it might persist as an accessory pancreatic duct
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what supplies blood to the pancreas?
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the anterior and posterior superior pacreaticoduodenal arteries (from the gastroduodenal) and the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal aterioes from the sma
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what two larger arteries do the pancreaticodudodenal arteries connect?
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the sma and gastroduodenal
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what ribs is the spleen located between?
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9 and 11
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what other organs does the spleen contact?
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the stomach, large intestine (left colic flexure)
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what attaches the spleen to the stomach?
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the gastrosplenic ligament
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what attaches the spleen to the left kidney?
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the splenorenal ligament
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what supplies blood the the spleen?
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the splenic artery
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what type of tissue does the spleen contain?
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lymphoid
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what germ layer is the liver an outpouching of?
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endoderm
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how many hepatic veins are there?
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three
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what forms the borders of the triangle of calot?
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common hepatic artery, cystic duct, and the liver
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what does bile do?
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helps fat form micelles for absorption
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what does cholecystokinin do?
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encourage the gallbladder to contract and relaxes the muscles closing the duct
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where is the sma with respect to the neck of the pancreas?
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posterior
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what ligament is found with the short gastric arteries?
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the gastrosplenic ligament
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what provides sympathetic innveration to the stomach?
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the greater and lesser splanchnics via the celiac plexus
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what does sympathetic stimulus of the stomach do?
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vasoconstrict, inhibit the musculature, and constrict the pyloric sphincter
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what does parasympathetic stimulus of the stomach do?
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secretomotor function, contraction of gastric musculature, relax pyloric sphincter
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what is the source of innervation to the liver?
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the celiac trunk and anterior and posterior vagal trunks
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what does sympathetic innervation to the liver supply?
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vasomotor innervation of the vessels and bile ducts
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what does parasympathetic innervation to the liver supply?
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the hepatocytes
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what does parasympathetic innervation to the gallbladder do?
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motor to musculature, inhibitory to sphincter of oddi
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where does sympathetic innervation to the exocrine pancreas go?
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vasomotor
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where does parasympathetic innervation to the exocrine pancreas go?
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the parenchyma
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what sort of innervation does the endocrine pancreas receive? (sym/parasym)
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parasympathetic
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where does innervation to the spleen come from?
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the left celiac ganglion and posterior vagus
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what does innervation to the spleen do?
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mostly sympathetic, goes to blood vessels and capsule
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what organs are close to the gallbladder and might be involved in its pathology?
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the stomach, duodenum, liver, and colon
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what are the five supramesocolic spaces where you can see abcesses?
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morison's pouch (R subhepatic),R and L subphrenic, subhepatic (hepatorenal recessl), and lesser sac (aka omental bursa)
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what are the five arteries which supply the stomach?
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the left and right gastroepiploic, the short gastrics, and the left and right gastric
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