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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system (CNS) |
includes the brainstem and spinal cord |
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peripheral nervous system |
includes all the nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord: 12 pains of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branches |
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(CNS) cerebral cortex |
the cerebrum's outer layer of nerve cell bodies |
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(CNS) frontal lobe |
concerned with personality, behavior, emotion, and intellectual functions |
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(CNS) parietal lobe |
primary center for sensation |
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(CNS) occipital lobe |
primary visual receptor center |
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(CNS)temporal lobe |
primary auditory reception center with functionis of hearing, taste, and smell |
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Wernicke's area |
in the temporal lobe associated with language comprehension. if damaged, person hears sound with no meaning |
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(CNS)Broca's area |
in frontal lobe mediates motor speech. if damaged, person can understand but not talk |
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(CNS) Basal Ganglia |
between hemispheres, help initiate and coordinate movement and control automatic associated movements of the body |
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(CNS) Thalamus |
main relay station where the sensory pathways of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brainstem form synapses |
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Hypothalamus |
vital functions: temp, appetite, sex drive, heart rate, BP, sleep center, |
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Synapses |
sites of contact between two neurons |
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(CNS) Cerebellum |
motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium, and muscle tone |
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(CNS) brainstem |
central core of brain consisting of mostly nerve fibers 1. midbrain- most anterior 2. Pons 3. Medulla |
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(CNS) Spinal cord |
long, cylindric structure of nervous tissue. mediates reflexes of posture control, urination, and pain response |
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(CNS) Crossed representation |
left brain controls right side of body and right brain controls left side of body |
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Upper Motor Neurons |
a complex of all the descending motor fibers that can influence or modify the lower motor neurons |
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Lower motor neurons |
located mostly in the peripheral nervous system |
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nerve |
a bundle of fibers outside the CNS. the peripheral nerves carry input to the CNS via their sensory afferent fibers and deliver output from the CNS via the efferent fibers. |
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Deep tendon relexes |
patellar or knee jerk |
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superficial |
corneal reflex, abdominal reflex |
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visceral |
pupillary response to light and accommodation |
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pathologic |
abnormal; extensor plantar reflex |
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The deep tendon reflex has five components |
1. an intact sensory nerve 2. a functional synapse in the cord 3. an intact motor nerve fiber 4. the neuromuscular junction 5. a competent muscle |
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cranial nerves |
enter and exit the brain rather than the spinal cord |
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spinal nerves |
31 pairs arise from the length of the spinal cord and supply the rest of the body
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal |
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dermal segmentation |
the cutaneous distribution of the various spinal nerves |
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dermatome |
a circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve |
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Syncope |
(faint) a sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness due to lack of cerebral blood flow |
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Vertigo |
rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ear |
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Seizures |
occur with epilepsy, a paroxysmal disease characterized by altered or loss of consciousness, involuntary muscle movements, and sensory; aura precedes a seizure |
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Tremor |
an involuntary shaking, vibrating, or trembling |
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Paesis |
a partial or incomplete paralysis |
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Paralysis |
a loss of motor function due to a lesion in the neurologic or muscular system |
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Dysmetria |
the inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action |
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Paresthesia |
an abnormal sensation |
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Dysarthria |
difficulty forming works |
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dysphasia |
difficulty with language comprehension or expression |
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Anosmia |
decrease or loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking, allergic rhinintis, and cocaine use |
