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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lotka-Volterra
δN / δt = r nN - εPN *** pop growth curve 1) What is ε? 2) What is εPN? |
PREY
1) ε = predator efficiency 2) εPN = effect of predator on prey |
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*** Stability
Amplitude of oscillations does NOT increase... |
Neutral Stability
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Lotka-Volterra
δP / δt = r pP - θPN Population growth curve for *** species 1) What is θ in θPN? |
PREDATOR
1) θ = interaction coefficient for predator efficiency |
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*** Stability
*** Predator Amplitude of oscillations DECREASES... |
Neighborhood Stability
Inefficient Predator |
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r-strategists are relatively *** lived.
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short
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***: combinations of prey and predator population numbers at which neither population is increasing or decreasing
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Isoclines
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*** Stability
*** Predator Amplitude of oscillations INCREASES... |
Instability
Efficient Predator |
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--- Species Relationship ---
Species A = - Species B = - |
competition
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K-strategists relatively *** lived.
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long
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Lotka-Volterra
P? N? |
predator pop size
prey pop size |
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*** Stability
*** Predator Amplitude of oscillations INCREASES then stabilizes... |
Limit Cycle - Instability
Efficient Predator, Prey can hide |
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Rosenzweig and MacArthur???
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Modifications to Lotka-Volterra model
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4 Types of stability?
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Neutral Stability
Neighborhood Stability Instability Limit Cycle |
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logistic growth?
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stability
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Mark-recapture sampling formula?
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N = Mn/x
N = total pop M = # marked in 1st n = total captured in 2nd x = # of marked in 2nd |
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*** response
–response of average predator to abundance of prey |
Functional
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*** response
–response of predator population to a change in prey density |
Numerical
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1) Mocking bird is an example of *** competition...(species not using same resource.)
2) Opposite of *** competition. |
interference
Resource |
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Territoriality or contest competition.... *** competition
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interference
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Scramble or exploitative competition are.... *** competition
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Resource
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r = ????
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unrestricted rate of increase
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1) K = ???
2) what part of graph is it? |
1) carrying capacity
2) upper asymptote |
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*** AKA zero growth line.
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Isocline
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*** are usually rectangle, square or core.
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Quadrats
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*** theorem: “stable populations of two or more species can not continuously occupy the same niche”
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Gause’s
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***: the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
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Fecundity
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1 birth per 8 years is the *** *** of a human female.
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realized fertility
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***: Full range of environmental conditions an organism can exist.
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Fundamental niche
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1 birth per 10 months is the *** *** of a human female.
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potential fecundity
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***: Smaller range of environmental conditions an organism can occupy.
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Realized niche
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Two types of niches...
1) 2) |
1) Fundamental niche
2) Realized niche |
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*** ***: Average lifespan under optimal conditions.
*** ***: .... under natural conditions. |
Physiological longevity
Ecological longevity |
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Catch curves: survival rates estimated from decreases in --- --- from *** group to *** group.
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relative abundance
age to age group |
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*** life table: stationary/ time specific/ vertical
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Static
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*** life tables: generational horizontal
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Cohort
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*** life tables: must be able to determine age of individuals in the population
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Static
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***: Maximum rate of increase
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rm
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What is added to δN / δT = rN for negative feedback?
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(K-N)/K
K = carrying capacity (upper asymptote) |
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Stable age distribution =
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Geometric increase
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Stationary age distribution =
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Population is Stationary.
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--- Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model ---
Prey isocline on graph is ***. Predator isocline on graph is ***. |
horizontal
lateral |
