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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population: Group of organisms of same ***, *** and ***.
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species
space time |
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***: A subdivision of a population.
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Deme
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A deme of a population must be an appropriate ***.
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subpopulation
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Population parameters affecting density...
1) N----- 2) M----- 3) I----- 4) E----- |
1) Natality
2) Mortality 3) Immigration 4) Emmigration |
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*** *** parameters affecting ***...
1) Age distribution 2) Genetic composition/variability 3) Distribution in time/space |
Secondary population
density |
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Measurements of density
1) ---- 2) ---- |
1) Absolute density
2) Relative density |
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Types of absolute density?
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Total counts
Population Sampling |
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Types of population sampling?
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Quadrat Sampling
Mark-recapture sampling |
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What is Quadrat Sampling used for?
Mark-recapture sampling? |
plants/sessile animals
motile animals |
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*** are usually rectangle, square or core.
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Quadrats
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Mark-recapture sampling is also known as ***.
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Lincoln-Peterson method
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Mark-recapture sampling is used to estimate
1) ------ of population 2) ------ over time 3) n----- 4) m---- |
1) one-time density of population
2) changes in density over time 3) natality 4) mortality |
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In mark-recapture sampling population size is estimated from determining the *** of the ***.
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proportion
total population that is marked |
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Measurements of *** ***
1) Traps 2) Number of fecal pellets 3) Questionnaires |
relative density
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***: the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
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Fecundity
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1 birth per 8 years is the *** *** of a human female.
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realized fertility
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1 birth per 10 months is the *** *** of a human female.
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potential fecundity
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*** are age-specific summary of mortality rates that make predictions based on ***.
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Life tables
past history |
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***: The condition or process of deterioration with age
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Senescence
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Types of life tables
1) *** life tables 2) *** life tables |
1) Static
2) Cohort |
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*** ***: Average lifespan under optimal conditions.
*** ***: .... under natural conditions. |
Physiological longevity
Ecological longevity |
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---Estimates for rm---
1) *** = observed reproductive rate 2) *** = net reproductive rate from life table |
1) ra
2) r0 |
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Catch curves: survival rates estimated from decreases in --- --- from *** group to *** group.
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relative abundance
age to age group |
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r0
1) formula 2) what does this represent? |
1) Vx = (lx) (bx)
2) age-specific reproductive rate |
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Catch curve for bluegill sunfish can be used to estimate the adult *** rate.
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mortality
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1) r0 > 1 = ***
2) r0 > 0 = *** 3) r0 < 1 = *** |
1) population growing
2) only in the lab 3) population declining |
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Issue w/determining what constitutes an individual in the population?
1) unitary versus........ 2) individuals versus........ |
1) modular organisms
2) original zygote |
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Brain coral and wheatgrass are examples of....
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modular organisms
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Primary differences in population composition:
1) _____ ratio 2) _____ structure |
1) sex ratio
2) age structure |
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Secondary differences in population composition:
c*** & b*** |
coloring/markings & behavior
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Life tables were adapted from human *** formats.
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actuarial
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*** life table: stationary/ time specific/ vertical
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Static
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*** life tables: generational horizontal
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Cohort
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*** life table: must be able to track individuals from birth to death
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Cohort
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*** life tables: must be able to determine age of individuals in the population
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Static
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Innate capacity for increasing density is dependent on ***.
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environmental conditions.
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***: Maximum rate of increase
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rm
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Type *** Survivorship Curve: --\
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1
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Type *** Survivorship Curve: \
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2
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Type *** Survivorship Curve: _/
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3
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Required information for calculating population growth rates
1) *** survival rates 2) *** rates 3) *** distribution |
1) age-specific survival rates
2) birth rates 3) age distribution |
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δN / δT = rN
describes a *** increase in population size. |
geometric
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Geometric increase w/fixed birth/death rates = ***
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stable age distribution
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Any population subject to a fixed schedule of births and deaths will increase ***.
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geometrically
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Stable age distribution =
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Birth/death rates are stable
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Stationary age distribution =
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Population is Stationary.
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