H Bio Chapter 3 Vocab

Front 1

Phospholipids

Back 1

Phospholipids belong to the lipid family and are composed of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, a phosphate group and a polar molecule

Hint 1

Phospholipids are a major component of the cell membrane

Front 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Back 2

A two layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane

Hint 2

Contains important components involved in communication, cell recognition and signaling

Front 3

Polarity

Back 3

Positive and negatively charged ends

Hint 3

Water- polar
Oil- non-polar
They do not mix

Front 4

Transport Proteins

Back 4

Special proteins that are embedded in the membrane that help charged molecules pass through the membrane

Hint 4

Hemoglobin-carries oxygen form the lungs to the tissues

Front 5

Selective (semi) permeability

Back 5

(Limiting entry)regulates exchange of materials in specific way

Hint 5

The method used by a cell to pass molecules in or out is determined by the size of the molecule

Front 6

Glycoproteins/ glycolipids

Back 6

Act as antennae that receive chemical message from other cells

Hint 6

Receptors for hormonal responses
Help stabilize membrane structure

Front 7

Diffusion

Back 7

The movement of a substance from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area

Hint 7

Random movement of particles
Gas exchange for photsynthesis

Front 8

Concentration gradient

Back 8

Unequal distribution of ions across cell membrane

Hint 8

Random motion
No order by the way the particles are moving throughout solution or gas

Front 9

Osmosis

Back 9

Movement of water though a selectively permeable membrane from solution with lower concentration to one with a higher concentration

Hint 9

Dehydrated fruit
Pruned fingers

Front 10

Turgor

Back 10

Cells swelling against its wall caused by pressure of cells content

Hint 10

when plants are dehydrated, the cells shrink in size and shape due to the lack of water inside the cell

Front 11

Isotonic

Back 11

Having equal tension

Hint 11

muscular contraction when the muscle remains to be in a relatively constant tension while its length changes

Front 12

Hypotonic

Back 12

having a lesser degree of tone or tension
or
having a lesser osmotic pressure in a fluid compared to another fluid

Hint 12

Lesser osmotic pressure

Front 13

Hypertonic

Back 13

Having a higher osmotic pressure in a fluid relative to another fluid

Hint 13

if the extracellular fluid has greater amounts of solutes than the cytoplasm, the extracellular fluid is hypertonic

Front 14

Passive transport

Back 14

A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Hint 14

Doesn't require input of chemical energy

Front 15

Active Transport

Back 15

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

Hint 15

Uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans

Front 16

Facilitated diffusion

Back 16

type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins

Hint 16

Some molecules and ions such as glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions are unable to pass through the lipid bilayer of cell

Front 17

Endocytosis

Back 17

A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.

Hint 17

Removes receptors from cell surface to be destroyed

Front 18

Exocytosis

Back 18

When materials leave the cell by the membrane "spitting it out"

Hint 18

the transport of material out of a cell by a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane