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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Photoautotroph
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Autotrophs that gets energy from the sun
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Photosynthesis
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The process of a organisms getting their energy from sunlight.
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Plants do this. Photosynthesis involves the sun.
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Thylakoids
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Membranes that form closed sacs located in plants and algae in the chloroplast. Float inside the cell.
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Thylakoids are in plant and algae cells.
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Grana
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Stack of thylakoid sacs.
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Found in plant and algae cells.
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Stroma
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Space surrounding the thylakoids. Enzymes in Stroma catalyze the formation of sugar from carbon dioxide and water using light energy captured in the thylakoids.
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Found in plant and algae cells.
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Chloroplast
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Organized outer structure that separates the thylakoid from the cytoplasm and regulates flow of materials into and out of the chloroplast.
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Chloroplasts have thylakoid sacs in them.
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Chlorophyll
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Green pigment found in the thylakoids. Contained in two forms, absorb light in violet/blue and orange/red ranges, not green.
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The green light that is not absorbed is what gives leaves the green color.
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Light reactions
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Convert visible light into chemical energy, it's products are used in the Calvin cycle, powers sugar production in Calvin cycle. Pigment molecules in the thylakoids absorb light then it's converted.
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Light reactions involve photosynthesis.
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Calvin cycle
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The energy of the molecules from the the light reactions is used to make 3 carbon sugars from carbon dioxide in a series of reactions.
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Product of light reaction is used in the Calvin cycle.
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NADPH
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Reduced form of NADP+, the end of electron flow lights reactions, provides protons and electrons needed to reduce carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
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PGAL
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Split 3 carbon phosphate molecule. Requires one molecule of ATP and NADPH from the light reaction.
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Pant Cells use PGAL to coninue on the Calvin circle.
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Photoinhibition
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A decline in photosynthesis, some substances damage chloroplasts by reacting with pigments and proteins.
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Damaged chloroplasts in plant or bacteria cells.
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Saturation point
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When photosynthesis increases to its maximum point and rate levels off.
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Carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis.
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Limiting factors
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Effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
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Light, water, temp, and nutrients are limiting factors in a forest.
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Rubisco
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Enzyme that incorporates carbon dioxide into sugars in the Calvin cycle. Able to bind with oxygen or carbon dioxide
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Oxygen Interferes with carbon fixation
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Photorespiration
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Result is that the organism loses fixed carbon atoms instead of gaining them. May help to reduce photo inhibition.
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Plants and bacteria can do photorespiration
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C4 plants
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Two systems of carbon dioxide fixation that occurs In different parts of the leaves, twice as efficient, grow more rapidly than C3 plants. Evolve in warm climates
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Plants, 4 carbon acid
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Stomates
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Many plants reduce their water loss by partly closing their stomates. When they are closed carbon dioxide levels get very high.
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Plants use stomates.
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Aerobic cell respiration
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Cell respiration occurring with the presence of oxygen. During this energy released as glucose gradually oxidizes and breaks down to carbon dioxide.
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Chemoautotroph
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Bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances such as iron, sulfur, and other minerals. Form sugars from carbon dioxide
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Bacteria. Found where there is no sunlight are chemo autotrophs.
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Photoautotroph
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Plants that depend on photosynthesis for both energy and carbon compounds.
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Flowers. Plants are photoautotrophs
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