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35 Cards in this Set

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Heterotrophs

An organism that obtains its energy from other complex organisms.

wolf



The heterotroph hunted its prey.


Autotrophs

An organism that obtains its energy from simple, inorganic beings.

plants



Some autotrophs use photosynthesis.

Photoautotrophs

An organism that obtains its energy by means of photosynthesis.

plants



Photoautotrophs are producers in the food chain.

Chemoautotrophs

An organism that obtains its energy by means of a chemical process, instead of photosynthesis.

bacteria



Chemoautotrophs are producers on the food chain.

Cell respiration

Cell respiration

A process of reactions in the cells of organisms which converts biochemical energy from nutrients to adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Respiration involves the breaking of large chemical bonds into smaller ones.

Producers

Organisms capable of obtaining their energy by means of creating complex compounds from simple ones.

Plants



Autotrophs are producers.

Consumers

Organisms that cannot create their own energy and therefore must obtain it by feeding on other organisms.

wolves



Consumers come second in the food chain.

Decomposers

Organisms that break down other living things, thus recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.

bacteria



Decomposers break down the cells of other organisms.

Biotic

Relating to life and the ecosystem.

life



Abiotic is the antonym of biotic, and it relates to non-living things.

Abiotic

Relating to non-living things.

rain



Both biotic and abiotic things are scattered throughout the ecosystem.

Ecosystem

Relating to a system's living things (biotic) and it's abiotic terrain.

community



Ecosystems consist of a vast array of living and non-living things.

Habitats

The natural environment of an organism.

home



Modern ways of human life sometimes disrupt the habitats of other organisms on earth.

Biosphere

Biosphere

The areas of a planet in which organisms reside.

area of life



Biospheres account for all of the ecosystems of a planet.

Energy

The capacity to perform work.

vitality



To stay organized, organisms require energy.

Chemical energy

Energy obtained or lost during a chemical reaction.

energy released from ATP/glucose



Chemical energy is one of the various forms of energy.

Free energy

Energy which may be taken from a system.

available



Free energy is a thermodynamic term.

Heat energy

Energy transferred by means of differing temperatures.

temperature



The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can not be created or destroyed.

Burning a log and having most of the energy be released as heat energy, with some remaining as smoke and ash.



The first law of thermodynamics relates to the law of conservation of energy.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Systems are naturally inclined toward disorder.

Heat energy being released



Organisms combat the second law of thermodynamics by constantly obtaining energy.

Entropy

Disorder

Burning a log and having smoke scattered around



The second law of thermodynamics relates to entropy.

Enzymes

Enzymes

A substance made to bring about a biochemical reaction.

catalyst



Every enzyme has a specific substrate that activates it.

Active site

The place on an enzyme where it connects to its substrate.

chemical reaction



The action sites of enzymes are unique, just like their substrates.

Substrate

The substance required by an enzyme to instigate a chemical reaction.

"key"



Every enzyme has a specific substrate that activates it.

Metabolism

A series of chemical processes that take place in an organism to maintain life.

food



The metabolism is broken down into two parts, the constructive metabolism and the deconstructive metabolism.

Synthesis

The act of producing a compound from two individual, smaller components.

creation



A+B=AB is a common way to illustrate synthesis.

Decomposition

The act of breaking down a compound into two individual, smaller compounds.

destruction



AB=A+B is a common way to illustrate decomposition.

Biosynthesis

The creation of complex molecules within organisms.

creation



Biosynthesis is the same as regular synthesis, it just focuses in on living things.

Oxidation

The process of being chemically combined with oxygen.

oxygen



The act of burning coal turns it from sulfur to sulfur dioxide.

ATP

ATP

Adenosine phosphate (adenine ring, ribose sugar, three phosphate groups)

ATP is produced by means of cellular respiration.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food.

breaking down



Various ways in which materials may be digested are present in the ecosystem.

Pepsin

A common gastric juice.

digestion



Gastric juices are used to aid the process of digestion.

Small intestines

An area of the body in which most of the digestive process occurs.

gastrointestinal tract



In the small intestines, food is digested and its nutrients absorbed.

Salivary amylase

An enzyme found in the saliva of humans.

spit



Salivary amylase aids the digestive process by beginning the process of breaking down food.

Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down lipids.

Lipase breaks down fats into glycerol and free fatty acids.

Villi

Villi

A fingerlike lining of the small intestine

small intestine



Villi work to distribute nutrients to the bloodstream.