H. Bio Ch 16 Alanna Haslam

Front 1

population genetics

Back 1

the field of genetics which studies microevolution

Front 2

gene pool

Back 2

all the genes of a local population of organisms

Front 3

population

Back 3

a group of organisms

a specimen

the microcosm which is being studied.

Front 4

evolution

Back 4

change in populations through time

Front 5

polymorphic

Back 5

when two or more alleles of a gene for a trait are present in a gene pool

Front 6

Genetic variation

Back 6

differences in genetic makeup which contribute to the differences in individuals within a population

Front 7

mutation

Back 7

change in DNA

Front 8

genetic recombination

Back 8

the crossing over and mixing up of different alleles during meiosis

Front 9

Hardy-Weinberg model/equation

Back 9

in a model where two alleles are present and the frequency of one is p and of the other is q then:

frequency of p homozygous: p^2

frequency of q homozygous: q^2

frequency of p/q heterozygous: 2pq

This makes so much sense.

Front 10

p

Back 10

frequency of one allele

Front 11

q

Back 11

frequency of the other allele

Front 12

p^2

Back 12

frequency of two first alleles (homozygous)

Front 13

q^2

Back 13

frequency of two second alleles (homozygous)

Front 14

2pq

Back 14

frequency of one first allele and one second allele (heterozygous)

Front 15

Microevolution

Back 15

a change within a species which can occur over dozens or hundreds of generations.

Front 16

natural selection

Back 16

when members of a population with advantageous characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce, altering the frequencies of certain traits

Front 17

gene flow

Back 17

change in gene pool because of migration between populations

Front 18

genetic drift

Back 18

random changes in small populations

Front 19

founder effect

Back 19

genetic drift that influences new populations

Front 20

inbreeding

Back 20

the gradual increase of homozygosity

Front 21

population bottleneck

Back 21

a dramatic decrease in population for a few generations which increases inbreeding

Front 22

inbreeding depression

Back 22

fertility and survival are decreased because of increased risk for lethal recessive homozygous traits.

Front 23

quantitative traits

Back 23

multifactorial traits (measured quantitatively)

Front 24

QTLs (Quantitiative trait loci)

Back 24

the genes which affect quantitative traits

Front 25

artificial selection

Back 25

experiments which involve selective breeding