H Bio, Ch 1, Jen Chretien

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The simplest chemical unit

Hint 1

Hydrogen atom

The two atoms ionically bonded to one another.

Front 2

Molecule

Back 2

Multiple atoms bonded together.

Hint 2

Water molecule, H2O

The chemical reaction resulted in the formation of a molecule.

Front 3

Element

Back 3

A substance in its simplest form.

Hint 3

Carbon

An element's atomic number gives the substance it's unique traits.

Front 4

Proton

Back 4

A subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Hint 4

Positive subatomic particle

Carbon has an atomic number of six, meaning that it has six protons.

Front 5

Electron

Back 5

A subatomic particle with a negative charge.

Hint 5

Negative subatomic particle

The element had eight electrons in its valence.

Front 6

Neutron

Back 6

A subatomic particle with a neutral charge.

Hint 6

Neutral subatomic particle

The element had more neutrons than others of its kind, making it an isotope.

Front 7

Ion

Back 7

An atom that has a positive or negative charge because of the loss or gain of an electron.

Hint 7

Cation/Anion

The atom of sodium became a positively charged cation when it ionically bonded with chlorine.

Front 8

Isotope

Back 8

An element with a change in the number of neutrons it has.

Hint 8

Carbon 16

The isotope was heavier than the element in its most common form.

Front 9

Ionic Bond

Back 9

A chemical bond that involves oppositely charged ions.

Hint 9

NaCl

Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals.

Front 10

Covalent Bond

Back 10

A chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons.

Hint 10

CO2

Water molecules are formed through covalent bonds.

Front 11

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 11

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

Hint 11

H2O

The molecule had positive and negative "poles" due to its polar covalent bond.

Front 12

Law of Conservation of Matter

Back 12

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Hint 12

Mass

After a reaction takes place, the mass of the product should be equal to the mass of the reactants.

Front 13

Activation Energy

Back 13

The energy required to begin a chemical reaction.

Hint 13

Heat

When the match was struck, combustion began from the activation energy given off by the act.

Front 14

Hydrogen Bond

Back 14

The attraction between polar molecules, involving hydrogen bonding to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Hint 14

H2O

A hydrogen bond has less strength than that of a covalent bond.

Front 15

pH Scale

Back 15

A scale measuring how acidic or basic a substance is.

Hint 15

acid/base

The pH scale involves logarithms.

Front 16

Acid

Back 16

A substance with a pH less than seven.

Hint 16

hydrochloric acid

A solution containing more H+ than OH- is considered acidic.

Front 17

Base

Back 17

A substance with a pH more than seven.

Hint 17

sodium hydroxide

A solution containing more OH- than H+ ions is considered basic.

Front 18

Organic Compounds

Back 18

A compound whose molecules are made up of carbon and hydrogen.

Hint 18

sucrose

Organic compounds must include hydrogen and oxygen.

Front 19

Marcomolecules

Back 19

A large molecule.

Hint 19

lipids

Macromolecules are built from long chains of carbon.

Front 20

Carbohydrates

Back 20

An organic compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio.

Hint 20

glucose

Carbohydrates include sugars, starch, and cellulose.

Front 21

Lipids

Back 21

Macromolecules with two main functions: long term energy storage and the structure of cell membranes.

Hint 21

Lipids include fats and oils.

Lipids do not dissolve in water.

Front 22

Proteins

Back 22

Macromolecules made of amino acids.

Hint 22

(made of) Amino Acids

Proteins are essential for life.

Front 23

Nucleic Acids

Back 23

Macromolecules made of nucleotides.

Hint 23

DNA/RNA

Nucleic acids are the basis for the passage of genes between generations.

Front 24

Monosaccharides

Back 24

Simple carbohydrates that are sugars.

Hint 24

glucose

Monosaccharides chemically bond to form polysaccharides.

Front 25

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Back 25

The most basic components of lipids.

Hint 25

triglyceride

When three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule chemically bond, they form triglyceride.

Front 26

Amino Acids

Back 26

Simple organic compounds.

Hint 26

proteins

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Front 27

Nucleotides

Back 27

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

Hint 27

DNA/RNA/Nucleic acids

Nucleotides form RNA and DNA, nucleic acids.

Front 28

Disaccharides

Back 28

Sugars made of molecules that are made of two monosaccharide residues.

Hint 28

Lactose

Disaccharides may be chemically broken down into monosaccharides.

Front 29

Polysaccharide

Back 29

A carbohydrate that has molecules made up of more than two monosaccharides.

Hint 29

starch

Polysaccharides may be chemically broken down into monosaccharides.

Front 30

Polypeptide

Back 30

A polymer made up of many amino acids.

Hint 30

Amino acids; polymers

Polymers make up part of, if not all of, a protein.

Front 31

Peptide Bond

Back 31

A type of bond that joins amino acids together in proteins.

Hint 31

Amino acids

Peptide bonds are covalent.

Front 32

DNA

Back 32

A type of self-replicating nucleic acid containing the instructions for life.

Hint 32

(makes up) chromosomes

DNA is responsible for the genetic information of an organism.

Front 33

Gene

Back 33

An arrangement of nucleotides that makes up a chromosome.

Hint 33

blue eyes

Genes determine the traits of an organism.