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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common type of Gynae cancer?
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Endometrial
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Outermost portion of the gynae tract
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vulva
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Lymphatic drainage is done by the?
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Inguinal nodes, Pelvic nodes, Periaortic nodes
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What are etiologic factors for endometrial cancer?
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Use of unopposed estrogen, nulliparity, obesity, high calorie diet.
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What lymph nodes do endometrial cancer spread to first?
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Pelvic lymph nodes
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Most common symptom of endometrial cancer
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Post menopausal bleeding
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What is endometrial staging based on?
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Tumour extent and depth of invasion
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Standard surgeries for endometrial cancer?
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Exploratory Laparoscopy with staging biopsies.
Radical hysterctomy |
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When is chemo used in endometrial cancer treatment?
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For mets
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When is brachytherapy done in endometrial cancer? what are the doses?
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Adjuvantly, 6000-8000cGy.
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What is TAH? What does it involve?
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TAH: total abdominal hysterctomy and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy.
Involves the total removes of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries. |
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Why and when is a vaginal dilator used?
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Usually after treatment for followup purposes. It avoids adhesions.
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What RT is used for stage 1b1&2 endometrial cancer?
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Colpostats and vaginal cylinders
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What techniques are used if the uterus is still present for implantation?
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Heyman capsule/intrauterine tandem
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Why is ovarian cancer the most lethal malignancy?
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Because of the fast spread and non specific symptoms that led to late diagnosis.
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Second most common gynae cancer?
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Ovarian
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Which cancer is caused by lack of oral contraceptive use?
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Ovarian
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Which cancers are caused by nullparity/few pregnancies?
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Ovarian and endometrial
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What cancer does the BRCA1 gene cause?
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Ovarian
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Why are laparotomies not used as a screening tool for ovarian?
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Due tot he surgery related death rate that would be equal or higher than the diease
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80% of ovarian cancers have spread to this area at the time of diagnosis.
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Abdominal cavity
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Most common histopathology of ovarian cancer?
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Epithelial ovarian cancer
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What ovarian tumour type is more prevalent in younger women? where does it arise from?
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Germ cell tumours, arises from cells that produce eggs.
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what are stromal tumors and what gynae cancer is this representative of?
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Ovarian, it starts from connective tissue structures that form the ovary and produce hormones. Unilateral disease
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What is the adjuvant post op therapy for ovarian cancer?
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Chemo
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Which ovarian histology is more common with post menopausal women?
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EOC-epithelial ovarian cancer
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Most women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at what stage?
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III
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What is the most prevalent gynae cancer in young women?
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Cervical
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Which cancer is parity a risk factor for?
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Cervical
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What cancers are prevalent in women whose mothers took DES during their pregnancy?
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Cervical and Vaginal
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What cancers are HPV a risk factor for?
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Cervical,vulvar and vaginal
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Which one of these is a symptom of advanced cervical cancer? a. Post coital bleeding b. Pelvic pain c. Increased menstrual bleeding d. Discomfort during intercourse |
Pelvic pain |
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Most common type of cervical cancer?
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SCC
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Name 3 biopsies done for cervical cancer diagnosis?
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colposcopy
cone biopsy endocervical curettage |
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What staging system is used to stage cervical cancers?
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FIGO staging.
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When is chemo used to treat cervical cancer?
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Usually with RT in later stage/ palliation
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Stage IIA and IB RT treatment-cervical
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Post op total pelvic irradiation plus chemo radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
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What cancer is HSV a risk factor for?
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Vaginal
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What part of the vagina does vaginal cancer most commonly arise in?
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Upper 1/3rd.
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Most common histopathology for vaginal cancer?
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SCC
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Most common histopathology for younger patients?
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Clear cell adenoca.
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Treatment of choice for most patients for vaginal cancer
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RT
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How are small superficial vaginal cancers treated with RT?
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Brachy
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Surgery usually done in vaginal cancer for
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younger women with clear cell ca.
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Most common site of involvement for vulvar cancer
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Labia majora
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What does advanced vulvar cancer present as?
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Ulcerative protruding mass
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Primary treatment for vulvar cancer?
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Surgery
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Role of chemo in vulvar cancer?
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Palliation or given with RT
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What type of RT is delivered to the vulva?
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EBRT
Electron beam Brachy |
