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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two main classifications of breast cancer?
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WHO = histological
and tumor biologic |
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what is the tumor biologic classifications of breast cancer?
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basal
and luminal |
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what are characteristics of basal tumor biology?
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poorly differentiated
and ER-negative, Her-2 negative |
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what are the two main histological subclassifications of breast cancer?
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invasive
and non-invasive |
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what are the principal types of non-invasive breast cancer?
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ductal CIS
lobular CIS Morbus Paget |
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what are the principal types of invasive breast cancer?
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ductal invasive 85%
lobular invasive 15% invasive Morbus Paget inflammatory mammary carcinoma others |
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what are invasive breast carcinomas with good prognosis despite being ER-negative?
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medullary carcinoma with rare metastasis to axilla
apocrine carcinoma |
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which type of invasive breast carcinoma has the best prognosis?
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tubular carcinoma, ER and PR positive
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what is the reference structure for axillary lymph node levels
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M. pectoralis minor = Level II
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Where is level I localised?
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lateral of pectoralis minor
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where is level III localised?
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medial to pectoralis minor until clavicle
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where is level II localised
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below pectoralis minor
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what are the localisations of mammary cancer in descending frequency?
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50% upper lateral quadrant
20% behind nipple 15% upper medial quadrant 10% lower lateral quadrant 5% lower medial quadrant |
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what are the lymph node drainage pathways in mammary cancer?
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axillary
retrosternal (mammaria interna chain) infraclavicular |
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what are the criteria for multifocal carcinoma?
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multiple tumor centres with distance between <4cm apart and in same quadrant
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how common is multicentric breast carcinoma?
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rare
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what is the incidence for breast carcinoma?
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115/100'000
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what proportion of patients are >60 years at diagnosis?
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two thirds
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what proportion of all cancer is breast cancer?
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one third
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what are groups of risk factors in breast cancer?
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main
hormone-dependent weak |
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what are the main risk factors for breast carcinoma?
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age!
familial clustering s/p mammary carcinoma = RR 5 s/p radiotherapy involving breast in young age |
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what is the life time risk for breast cancer in a patient with BRCA1/2 mutation?
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80%
|
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what are hormone-dependent risk factors for breast cancer?
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estrogen exposure, either exo- or endogenous
lesions of breast, ie LCIS or atypical ductal hyperplasia with 1%/year risk of transformation mammographic densitiy --> RR > 4 !!! |
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what are further, weak risk factors for breast carcinoma?
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BMI > 30 only for postmenopausal carcinoma
alcohol consumption height lack of physical exercise |
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which type of breast carcinoma is hard to recognize on mammography?
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LCIS and invasive-lobular carcinoma
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which non-invasive breast cancer types are no precanceroses?
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LCIS
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what is Morbus Paget of the nipple?
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intraepidermal adenocarcinoma cells in nipple
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what is the clinical aspect of Paget's disease of the nipple?
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nipple eczema
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what is the median age at diagnosis in breast cancer?
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64 years
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