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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The volume of food in the stomach has which of the following effects on stomach emptying?
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(A) AS THE VOLUME OF FOOD INCREASES, EMPTYING INCREASES
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In the condition of gastritis, which of the following describes the absorption of food products from the stomach?
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(B) INCREASED‼‼ AS RESULT OF INFLAMMATION OF GASTRIC MUCOSA no gastric barrier but limited diffusion of ions
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Which of the following cell types found in the intestinal tract secretes HCl?
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? (A) PARIETAL
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The enterogastric reflex can be elicited by which of the following?
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(D) ALL OF THE ABOVE: DISTENTION OF DUODENUM, ACIDIC CHYME IN THE DUODENUM, HYPEROSMOTIC CHYME IN THE DUODENUM
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Maximum activation of the proteolytic precursor pepsinogen to the active enzyme pepsin requires which of the following?
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? (D) CONTACT WITH PREVIOUSLY FORMED PEPSIN (+ feedback) and pH of 3.5 OR LESS
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A high level of sympathetic stimulation is most likely to cause which of the following effects on GI fcn?
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(D) DECREASE IN MOTILITY
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Which of the following substances stimulates the motor activity of the stomach?
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? (A) GASTRIN
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. Which of the following describes the external anal sphincter?
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(A) IT IS COMPOSED OF STRIATED MUSCLE AND IS UNDER VOLUNTARY CONTROL
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Which fo the following substances is released from the mucosa of the duodenum in response to acidic gastric juice?
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? © SECRETIN
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Which of the following is true of the gastro-enteric reflex?
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(D) IT LEADS TO INCREASED PERISTALTIC ACTIVITY IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
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. Sodium transport through the brush border of the intestinal epithelial cells occurs by which of the following mechanisms?
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(D) FACILITATED DIFFUSION because it must first combine with a TRANSPORT PROTEIN which in turn must combine with a substance like GLUCOSE
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A 45-year old man is found to have a condition in which the parietal cells of his stomach have been destroyed by an autoimmune mechanism. His diagnosis is chronic autoimmune gastritis. This condition is often associated with which of the following? (
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? (A) PERNICIOUS ANEMIA because not only do parietals
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Hypochlorhydria is a condition in which acid secretion by the stomach is greatly reduced. How does this condition affect the digestion and absorption of food?
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NORMAL - almost no change bc digestion crashes in stomach but stays ok in intestine where the pancreas secretes its digestive enzymes (trypsin, etc.)
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. Congenital absence of myenteric plexus would most likely lead to which of the following derangements in GI function?
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SLUGGISH PERISTALSIS in the involved GI segment
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. Which of the following substances can inhibit small intestinal motility?
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SECRETIN all others increase motility - Secretin is to Stop
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Which of the following decreases blood flow to the villi of the small intestine?
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NOREPINEPHRINE
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A 24 –year old man received a knife wound to the abdomen that severed the superior mesenteric artery. The patient was admitted to the ER. Upon examination, It was determined that the patient was in circulatory shock as a result of loss of blood.
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The patient was admitted to the ER. Upon examination, It was determined that the patient was in circulatory shock as a result of loss of blood.
see next 2 cards for questions |
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56. Which of the following structures in the GI tract is MOST at risk in this patient as a consequence of the circulatory shock?
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© TIPS OF THE VILLI
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In this patient, which of the following describes the peristaltic activity of the gut?
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? (A) DECREASED IN ALL AREAS
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. Inhibition of the active transport of sodium through the basolateral membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cells does which of the following?
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(B) ATTENUATES GLUCOSE UPTAKE FROM SMALL INTESTINE since sodium is facilitated diffusion with protein transporter then with glucose. No sodium, no glucose.
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Which of the following is not normally found in abundance in the portal blood?
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? (B) TRIACYLGLYCERIDES / fats
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. Which of the following normally stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the ACINAR cells of the pancreas? (
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? (B) CHOLEOCYSTOKININ CCK released in duodenum and jejunum in response to partial protein digest and tells pancreas Acinar’s to release digestive enzymes
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. Ganglionic blockade has the greatest effect on which of the following GI reflexes?
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(A) GASTROCOLIC REFLEX, initiated by stomach distention/duodenum distention after a meal. Stopped when autonomics to colon are removed so no mass movements of peristalsis – THIS IS THE ONLY ONE THAT RELIES ON THE ANS
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Which of the following is not normally associated with activation of the peristaltic reflex?
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SYMPATHETIC stimulation
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. Inhibition of sodium transport has the least effect on absorption of which of the following?
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MONOGLYCERIDES bc carbs & proteins are CO-transported with peptides and simple sugars. Fat absorption is not dependent on Na+ & uses direct diffusion (fat can pass through fat)
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The secretion of BILE is important for the proper digestion of which of the following?
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(B) LIPIDS
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Inhibition of sodium transport has the least effect on absorption of which of the following?
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(D) MONOGLYCERIDES because carbohydrates (sugar) and proteins are CO-TRANSPORTED with peptides and simple sugars. The absorption of FAT is NOT dependent on sodium but is DIRECT DIFFUSION because fat can pass through fat.
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. Which of the following is true of Mass Movements?
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(D) THEY ARE A MODIFIED TYPE OF PERISTALSIS THAT OCCURS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE
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. Which of the following best characterizes the secretions of the small intestines?
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© ISOTONIC AND SLIGHTLY ALKALINE (BASIC)
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. Which point in the figure above indicates the place in the colon where the colonic chime is fluid?
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A at the Ascending Colon
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. Which of the following best characterizes the secretions of the LARGE intestine?
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(B) THEY ARE MOSTLY MUCUS
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