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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is Gujurat? |
India |
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At what date did the earthquake occur? |
January 26, 2001
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What was the earthquake's magnitude?
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7.6 |
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How long did the earthquake last? |
90 seconds |
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What was the area the earthquake occurred in known as?
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Rann of Kutch |
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Where is the area that the earthquake occurred in located and what border is it near? |
Northwestern India Pakistan border |
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What was the focus depth? |
17km |
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What town was the epicentre near?
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Bhuj |
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How far was the earthquake from the region's largest city, and what is the name of that city? |
200km, Ahmadabad |
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In what Indian cities was the earthquake felt? |
Delhi Mumbai |
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How far away was the earthquake felt (named examples)?
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Afghanistan Nepal |
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What followed after the earthquake and for how long? |
Significant aftershocks 1 month |
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What plate boundary is the region adjacent to? |
None - earthquakes caused by crustal faults
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What was the range of initial death toll reports?
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10,000-100,000 |
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What was the official death toll figure one month after the event? |
19,727 |
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What was the final death toll revised down to? |
13,000 |
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How many injuries were there? |
166,000 |
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How many people were left homeless?
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600,000 |
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How many houses were destroyed? |
~333,333 |
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How many homes were badly damaged? |
~1 million |
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What key bridge was destroyed, and what areas did it link? |
Surajbari Bridge Kutch and the rest of Gujurat |
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Where was fibre optic cabling destroyed? |
Telecoms exchange in Buhj after the building was destroyed |
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What was the affect of fibre optic cabling being damaged? |
Further isolation, hindering the rescue operation |
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What did the government state the economic toll as?
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$1.3 billion
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What has been suggested as a more realistic economic toll? |
$5.5 billion
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What national holiday also took place on the same day?
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Republic Day |
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What did the national holiday celebrate? |
The establishment of their republic in 1950 |
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How may the national holiday have contributed to the casualty figures? |
Schools and government offices were closed |
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Who were the majority of victims?
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Women and children |
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What caused many deaths? |
Building collapse |
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How tall were buildings that pancaked? |
Up to ten floors |
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What hospital was flattened? |
The central Bhuj civil hospital |
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How many primary schools were destroyed? |
992/1,359 |
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Which town is an example of the problems faced by many smaller towns? |
Bachao |
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What is the population of the example town? |
42,000 |
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How many buildings were in the sample town? |
10,000 |
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How far was the sample town from the epicentre? |
100km |
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How many buildings collapsed in the sample town? |
"Nearly all" |
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What factories collapsed in the sample town? |
Six salt factories and their worker accommodation |
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What hospital collapsed in the sample town? |
A small 20-bed hospital |
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What was noted when rescue teams reached Bachao? |
Numerous funeral pyres were burning |
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What factors hindered rescue operations? |
Continued after-shocks Disrupted transport Disrupted communication networks |
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What was set up by medical charities? |
Field hospitals run by generators (shows the lack of preparation as they were set up by charities) |
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How many surgical operations were performed a week after the event? |
10,000 |
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Why were emergency supplies inadequate?
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Supplies were not distributed efficiently Supplies were waiting at airports and not being distributed |
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What was recorded within several days of the event? |
Rising in ground water |
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What was Gujarat identified as? |
A Zone 5 (highest) risk area |
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What did satellites record? |
Water coming to the surface 100km, 80m wide river running through Bhuj from rising groundwater |
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Had the region experienced previous seismic activity? |
Yes |
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When was the Indian building code released? |
1983 |
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In 2001, how was the code used? |
Advisory only |
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What additional cost was estimated in meeting the code? |
An additional 20-30%
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What age were locals who had not experienced earthquakes before? |
Under 50 |
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What was a primary cause of the poor responses?
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Time wasted allocating resources A lack of coordination |
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What was there a lack of that could have raised awareness? |
Earthquake drills or media |
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At what time did the earthquake occur? |
8:46AM |
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Why were initial death tolls so inaccurate?
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Bogus recordings
Double recordings Lack of knowledge about the population |
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What had people in the example town resorted to in their rescue attempts? |
Using their bare hands |
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What was mobilised to help? |
The Indian Army, Navy and Air Force |
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What international team came to help? |
A Swiss team with sniffer dogs |
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What was a problem for the homeless? |
Cold January nights |
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What was urgently required for the homeless and what was the supply like? |
Blankets and tents A fraction of what was needed |
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What did the Red Cross find? |
Many villages awaiting emergency supplies a week later |
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Where were supplies that were to be distributed found? |
Piled up on airport runways awaiting distribution
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Why did medical experts fear outbreaks of disease? |
Bodies decomposed and contaminated water supplies
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What has hindered the relocation of villages in one area? |
Debate over the epicentre's precise location Conflict between upper and lower caste ranks |
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What did many people feel about their government?
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It had failed them before, during and after the event |
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When did the region last experience an earthquake? |
1956 |
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What had academics been working on? |
Knowledge of the fault underlying the region |
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What was commissioned by the Indian government? |
A survey of earthquake risk in India |
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Where were the earthquake risk findings published and what was the name of it?
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1956 Vulnerability Atlas of India |
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What did the report highlight in Gujarat? |
The existence of the Kutch Rift |
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What was the Indian Building Code based on? |
Worldwide research |
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Who was under investigation following the earthquake and why?
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Local builders Allegations of criminal negligence |
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What was found out about buildings as tall as eight storeys after the event? |
They had not been inspected |
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What was not a regular theme in government communication or the education system? |
The threat of an earthquake
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What did the PM admit following the earthquake and what was his name? |
The country was not ready for such a disaster Vajpayee |
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How long did it take the local Gujarat government to set up a control room? |
Two days |
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What closed routes needed by rescue workers and emergency flights? |
The prime minister visiting |
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What did schools not practice? |
Regular earthquake drills |
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What does Japan have regarding awareness? |
Annual emergency day |
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What percentage of homes were self built? |
70% |
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What was used to educate people on the best techniques for rebuilding? |
Drama productions
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How did the dominant religion cause an issue and what is it?
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Attempting to avoid fate is pointless Hinduism |
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What was the overall issue regarding perception and awareness? |
The paper knowledge had not been transferred into practice |
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What is a single root cause of the issue? |
Shortage of money and technology available in the region |
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What building did survive highlighting the effectiveness of the code? |
Local nuclear power plants |
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Who was often bribed, and what was another issue with them?
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Officials to overlook building code violations and they were often unqualified to carry out inspections |
