Guildsomm Bordeaux - Set 1

Front 1

Why was the INAO created?

Back 1

created to delimit and enforce France’s wine appellation system

Front 2

When was the INAO created?

Back 2

1935

Front 3

in 2007 INAO is now known as what?

Back 3

L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité

Front 4

Why was VDQS created?

Back 4

To act as a stepping stone to AOC

Front 5

What year did the INAO eliminate the Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) category?

Back 5

2011

Front 6

What happened to the old VDQS regions?

Back 6

They advanced to the AOC/AOP status

Front 7

What is the EU equivalent to Vin de Pays?

Back 7

(IGP)

Indication Geographique Protegee

Front 8

What is the French wine status from least to greatest?

Back 8

1. Vin de France (Previously Vin de Table)

2. Vin de Pays (IGP)

3. VDQS (Eliminated in 2011)

4. AOC (AOP)

Front 9

What does Vin de France now allow on labels?

Back 9

Both Vintage and Varietal

Front 10

Since the conception of Vin de France, what are Vin de France winemakers allowed to use in the production of their wine?

Back 10

Oak chips & Acidification

Front 11

When the England ruled Bordeaux, why was Bordeaux so successful in trade?

Back 11

Region’s importance as a center of trade, made possible by its proximity to the Atlantic ocean.

Front 12

What time period did England rule Bordeaux?

Back 12

1152 to 1453

Front 13

Who made Medoc the dominating wine growing grounds? How?

Back 13

The Dutch - by providing the framework for the Médoc’s eventual dominance by creating a complex series of drainage channels throughout the area.

Front 14

What is a négociant?

Back 14

Buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine

Front 15

What are Courtiers?

Back 15

Brokers of wine— supplying the châteaux with financial backing

Front 16

What are en primeur sales?

Back 16

The yearly offering of Bordeaux wine as futures

Front 17

What type of wines can be made with the Standard Bordeaux AOP status?

Back 17

Standard Bordeaux AOP wines may be red, white, rosé, or clairet

Front 18

What is Clairet?

Back 18

A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the Middle Ages

Front 19

What are general dry Bordeaux white wines labeled?

Back 19

sec

Front 20

What is the quality of Bordeaux AOP wines?

Back 20

Base level of quality

Front 21

Where can Bordeaux AOP wines be produced?

Back 21

May be produced throughout the entire Bordeaux region

Front 22

What are the six red grapes allowed for Bordeaux AOP red wines?

Back 22

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, and Carmènere.

Front 23

What is assemblage?

Back 23

Blend

Front 24

What soil does Merlot in Bordeaux prefer?

Back 24

Prefers clay-based soils

Front 25

What soil does Cabernet Sauvignon prefer in Bordeaux?

Back 25

Well-drained gravel, which allows the vine’s root system to dig deeply while slight water stress adds concentration to the fruit

Front 26

What soil does Cab. Franc prefer in Bordeaux?

Back 26

Excels in limestone-based soils

Front 27

What characteristics does Cabernet Sauvignon give to a Bordeaux blend?

Back 27

Gives the wine structure, power, and longevity

Front 28

What is the overall wine style of St-Estèphe AOP?

Back 28

Wines are sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

Front 29

What is the overall wine style of Pauillac AOP?

Back 29

Cabernet Sauvignon-based wines are structured and long-lived, because here the gravel topsoil of the Haut-Médoc is at its deepest point

Front 30

What is the overall wine style of St-Julien AOP?

Back 30

St-Julien reds typically demonstrate an elegant style.

Front 31

What is the overall wine style of Margaux AOP?

Back 31

The wines of Margaux are often described as feminine, with an emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.

Front 32

What are the 5 villages of Margaux AOP?

Back 32

1. Soussans

2. Margaux

3. Cantenac

4. Labarde

5. Arsac

Front 33

What are 2 Bordeaux Chateau quality designation labels?

Back 33

1. Cru Artisan

2. Cru Bourgeois

Front 34

Explain what the label of "Cru Artisan" means.

Back 34

Small producers throughout the Médoc’s appellations have the right to use the designation, denoting their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations.

Front 35

Why do Chateaux's still use the term "Cru Bourgeois"?

Back 35

The term acts as a guarantor of quality and châteaux must apply for it regularly, submitting their wines to a blind tasting panel.

Front 36

Who commissioned the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?

Back 36

Emperor Napolean lll

Front 37

What is St-Estephe's famous super-second?

Back 37

Château Cos d’Estournel

Front 38

What is the most notable chateau in Moulis-en-Medoc AOP?

Back 38

Château Chasse-Spleen

Front 39

What is the sand, gravel, and clay soil found in Graves known as?

Back 39

Boulbenes

Front 40

What style of wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?

Back 40

both red and dry white wines

Front 41

Apart from the inclusion of Château Haut-Brion among the first growths of the Médoc, what year were Graves wines first classified?

Back 41

1953 (revised in 1959)

Front 42

How many estates are now classified cru classé for red wines in Graves AOP?

Back 42

13

Front 43

How many estates are now classified cru classé for white wines in Graves AOP?

Back 43

9

Front 44

How did Graves acquire its soil?

Back 44

The soil is the result of glaciers from the Ice Age, which also left white quartz deposits that can still be found in the soil of some of the top winemaking estates

Front 45

What are the 15 Graves AOP chateaux?

Back 45

1. Bouscaut

2. Couhins

3. Couhins Lurton

4. Carbonnieux

5. Chevalier

6. Chat. de Fieuzal

7. Haut Bailly

8. Olivier

9. Malartic Lagraviere

10. La Tour Martillac

11. La Mission Haut Brion

12. La Tour Haut Brion

13. Laville Haut Brion

14. Pape Clement

15. Smith Haut Lafitte

Front 46

What stipulations does the AOC system enforce?

Back 46

limits on yields

vineyard density

training and pruning techniques grape varietals

methods of production

minimum alcohol levels

minimum must weights

and the geographical boundaries of each appellation.

Front 47

What year was the first AOC awarded from the INAO?

Back 47

1936

Front 48

Being apart of an AOC system, was this a quality guaranty?

Back 48

No;

France’s AOC had become a bloated category and one not necessarily indicative of quality.

Front 49

Accordance with the EU regulations, what vitis type is mandatory for all AOP & PDO wines?

Back 49

Vinifera

Front 50

What year was the Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS, or AOVDQS) category created?

Back 50

1949

Front 51

What was the purpose of the Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS, or AOVDQS) category?

Back 51

To act as a stepping stone to achieve AOC status

Front 52

Regional Bordeaux wines are released under what classification?

Back 52

Vin de Pays / IGP

approximately 29% of French production—are released under the classification, a less restrictive category of widely varying quality

Front 53

Producers of Vin de Pays / IGP observe controls on what specificities?

Back 53

Added sulfur

Total acidity

Submit wines to tasting panels for approval

Source grapes from within the specified region

Front 54

What is the minimum alcohol level for Vin de Pays / IGP designated wines?

Back 54

Minimum alcohol levels range from 9% to 10%

Front 55

What year did Vin de France change it's label laws?

Back 55

2009;

with the addition of Vintage and Varietal recognition

Front 56

What is the latitude of Bordeaux?

Back 56

44° 50' N

Front 57

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

Back 57

Maritime;

Winters are short, springtime is usually damp and summers can reach high temperatures

Front 58

What are the mean average temperatures in Bordeaux for:

1. Average

2. High

3. Low

Back 58

Annual Temperature: 54.5°F

Annual High Temperature: 63.5°F

Annual Low Temperature: 45.5° F

Front 59

What is the average annual rainfall of Bordeaux?

Back 59

Average Annual Rainfall: 35.4 inches

Front 60

What is the elevation of Bordeaux?

Back 60

Elevation: 20-54 meters

Front 61

Negociant class emerged in what century?

Back 61

18th century

Front 62

What are the moderating influences that temper the climate in Bordeaux?

Back 62

Atlantic, Gironde estuary, and Les Landes;

protecting the vines from winter freezes and spring frost with Coastal pine forests protect the Médoc vineyards from harsh west and northwesterly winds.

Front 63

What is the climate of Right Back Bordeaux?

Back 63

The climate becomes more continental toward St-Émilion and Pomerol

Front 64

What climate in what season does Sauternes & Barsac hope for?

Back 64

Autumn humidity;

In the sweet wine districts of Graves is a cause for celebration due to the development of noble rot

Front 65

What solution is applied to grapes that encounter Springtime frosts?

Back 65

Bordeaux mixture—a mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water—is applied throughout the region to avoid fungal problems

Springtime frost can lead to coulure and millerandage, reducing the eventual yield

Front 66

What synonym is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?

Back 66

Pressac

Front 67

What white grapes are found in Bordeaux?

Back 67

Sémillon

Sauvignon Blanc

Muscadelle

Ugni Blanc

Merlot Blanc

Colombard

Front 68

Traditional method sparkling wines are produced in Bordeaux and labeled as what?

Back 68

Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

Front 69

The Médoc AOP covers what part of left bank Bordeaux?

Back 69

The Médoc AOP covers the entire wine-producing left bank of the Gironde Estuary, a 50-mile stretch northward from the city of Bordeaux. The Médoc AOP encompasses the Haut-Médoc AOP and the more prestigious communal appellations

Front 70

What is the area north of St-Estephe known as?

Back 70

Bas-Medoc;

vineyards are sparser and intermingled with forest, pasture and mixed agriculture

Front 71

In the Medoc, approximately how many acres in the entire appellation are planted with white grapes?

Back 71

123 Acres

Front 72

What is the predominant grape of the Bas-Medoc?

Back 72

Merlot;

grown in a higher proportion here than in the Haut-Médoc, as it performs more reliably in the waterlogged, clay-heavy soils of the Bas-Médoc

Front 73

What are the deeper, gravel-based communes of the Haut-Medoc?

Back 73

Saint-Estèphe

Pauillac

St. Julien

Listrac-Médoc

Moulis-en-Médoc

Margaux

Front 74

Who were the "foot soldiers" that carried out the 1855 Classification?

Back 74

Courtiers

Front 75

In Bordeaux, what holds the status of the ranking?

Back 75

The Chateau;

Whereas Burgundy, the land holds the status, not the producer

Front 76

What year was Cru Artisan formally recognized?

Back 76

2002;

Cru Artisan, a designation that has been in use for nearly a century and a half before being formally recognized

Front 77

Cru Bourgeois was originally introduced in what year?

Back 77

1932

Front 78

What were the original 3 categories of Cru Bourgeois?

Back 78

TOP: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel

MID: Cru Bourgeois Supérieur

LOW: Cru Bourgeois

Front 79

What happened to Cru Bourgeois in 2008?

Back 79

Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur were eliminated

Front 80

How many First Growths does St-Estephe contain?

Back 80

Zero

Front 81

Samuel Pepys famously extolled the virtues of what wine in 1663?

Back 81

“Ho-Bryan”

Haut-Brion

Front 82

In 1660, the cellar-book of King Charles II shows what wine in inventory?

Back 82

Haut-Brion

Front 83

What was the first identifiable Chateau in Graves? What year?

Back 83

1305

Château Pape-Clément remains the first identifiable vineyard estate in the region

Front 84

What is the name of Graves soil? What is the composition of this soil?

Back 84

Mixture of sand, gravel and light clay is known as boulbenes

Front 85

What style of wine can be labeled Graves AOP?

Back 85

Red and Dry White

Front 86

How many Graves estates are now classified cru classé for red wines and white?

Back 86

13 estates red wines

9 estates whites wines

16 total Chateau (some Chateau produce both red and white)

Front 87

What year was the sub-appellation Pessac-Léognan AOP created in northern Graves?

Back 87

1987

Front 88

What style of wine can be labeled Pessac-Léognan AOP?

Back 88

Red and Dry White wines

Front 89

What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan AOP?

Back 89

Pessac

Léognan

Cadaujac

Canéjan

Gradignan

Martillac

Mérignac

Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans

Talence

and Villenave-d'Ornons

Front 90

What is the synonym used in Graves for Noble Rot?

Back 90

Botrytis cinerea, known as pourriture noble—"the noble rot"

Front 91

What sweet wine appellations are located in Graves AOP?

Back 91

Cérons

Barsac

and Sauternes

Front 92

In 1855, what sweet wine estate was awarded Premier Cru Supérieur?

Back 92

Château d’Yquem of Sauternes

Front 93

Sauternes AOP covers what five villages?

Back 93

Sauternes

Barsac

Fargues

Preignac

and Bommes

Front 94

The wines of Barsac may be sold as either what two AOPs?

Back 94

Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP