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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
NAME THREE FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH IN NATURE
WATER AND SOLUTES
pH
TEMPERATURE
LITERAL MEANING OF PAIKILOTHERM
VARIED/IRREGULAR HEAT
DEFINE POIKILOTHERMS
MICROBE CELL TEMP VARIES W/ ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP
WHEN DISCUSSING POIKILOTHERMS,,,WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF TEMP GETS TOO LOW
RXN'S SLOW DOWN OR STOP,,,THE CELLS CAN'T GROW,,,AND EVENTUALLY THEY'LL DIE
WHEN DISCUSSING POIKILOTHERMS ,,,WHAT HAPPENS IF TEMP GETS TOO HIGH
PROTEINS, DNA, DENATURE, PM MAY MELT,,,EVENTUALLY THE CELL DIES
WHEN WE SAY EACH MICROBE HAS A SET OF CARDINAL TEMPERATURES,,,WHAT DO WE MEAN
MINIMUM TEMP FOR OPTIMUM GROWTH
OPTIMUM " "
MAXIMUM " "
LITERAL MEANING OF PSYCCHROPHILES
"COLD LOVING"
CARDINAL TEMPERATURE FOR PSCHROPHILES
0----15-----20 DEGREES C
LOCATION ( 2) WE CAN FIND PSYCHROPHILES
SNOWFIELDS AND GLACIERS
NAME OF THE ALGAE THAT LIVES ON SNOWFIELDS...USUALLY FOUND NEAR LAKES OR STREAMS
CHLAMYDOMONAS NIVALIS
HOW DO PSCHROPHILES ADAPT TO THE COLD ENVIRONMENT
PSYCHROPHILES ADAPT BY INCREASING UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM...PROTECTS FROM FREEZING
LITERAL MEANING OF PSYCHROTROPHS
"COLD FED"
CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR PSYCHROTROPHS
0----20-30------35 DEGREES C
WHERE CAN WE FIND PSYCHROTROPHS
IN REFRIGERATOR TUPPERWARE
LITERAL MEANING OF MESOPHILES
"MIDDLE LOVING"
CARDINAL TEMPERATURE OF MESOPHILES
15-20-----20-40------45 DEGREES C
LITERAL MEANING OF THERMOPHILES
"HEAT LOVING"
CARDINAL TEMPERATURES OF THERMOPHILES
45----55-65------90 DEGREES C
WHAT IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE HUMAN BODY
37 DEGREES C
WHAT GROUP CAN WE FIND MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS ( DISEASE CAUSING) IN
MOST MICROBES ARE MESOPHILES,,,INCLUDING HUMAN PATHOGENS
(3) LOCATIONS THAT THERMOPHILES GROW
HOT WATER PIPES, COMPOST PILES, HOT SPRINGS
NAME OF A NOTABLE SPECIES OF A THERMOPHILE
THERMUS AQUATICUS AKA TAQ
THERMUS AQUATICUS IS IMPORTANT IN WHAT RXN
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,,,,PCR
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
PCR MAKES MILLIONS OF COPIES OF DNA,,,USED IN CRIME SCENES
DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,,,PCR
START W/ ONE COPY OF DNA
HEAT DNA TO 95 DEGREES C
DNA SEPARATES INTO TWO PIECES
REHEAT,,THE 2 COPIES SPLIT
NOW WE HAVE 4 COPIES
HOW MANY COPIES OF DNA CAN BE MADE WITH POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OR GENE AMPLIFICATION
BILLIONS OF COPIES IN A FEW HOURS
WHY MUST THE ORIGINAL FRAGMENT OF DNA IN PCR BE HEATED
TO SEPARATE THE TWO STRANDS OF DNA
LITERAL MEANING OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
"ABOVE HEAT LOVING"
CARDINAL TEMPERATURES OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
55----80-110-----120 DEGREES C
LOCATION WE CAN FIND HYPERTHERMOPHILES
FOUND IN DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
WHAT IS DR WADES FAVORITE HYPERTHERMOPHILE
PYROCOCCUS ABYSSI= FIRE ROUND DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN
HOW DO HYPERTHERMOPHILES ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
THEY ADAPT BY INCREASING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN HYPERTHERMOPHILES INCREASE THE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM
MAKES THE MELTING POIN HIGHER
LIST (4) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH
WATER/SOLUTES
pH
TEMP
OXYGEN
NAME OF THE MICROBES THAT REQUIRE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH
AEROBES
NAME OF THE MICROBES THAT DON'T REQUIRE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH
ANAEROBES
DEFINE OBLIGATE AEROBES
MICROBES WILL EVENTUALLY DIE IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN
4 EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATE AEROBES
MOST ALGAE, FUNGI, BACTERIA, AND PROTOZOAS
DESCRIBE FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
THEY GROW BEST ( FASTER) IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN, BUT MORE SLOWLY IF OXYGEN IS NOT PRESENT
(3) EXAMPLES OF FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
YEASTS, MANY BACTERIA, PROTOZOAS
E-COLI IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT
FACULATIVE ANAEROBE
DEFINE AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
MICROBES GROW EQUALLY WELL WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN,,THEY IGNORE OXYGEN
(2) LOCATIONS OF AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
MANY BACTERIA AND PROTOZOAS
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF (1) BACTERIA THAT IS AN AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBE
THE BACTERIA ENTEROCOCCOS FAECALIS
WHERE CAN ENTEROCOCCOS FAECALIS BE FOUND
IN THE LG INTESTINE, FECAL MATTER
DEFINE MICROAEROPHILES
MICROBES REQUIRE OXYGEN IN REDUCED [ ] 2-10%
(2) EXAMPLES OF MICROAEROPHILES
BACTERIA, PROTOZOA
GIVE 1 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF A MICROAEROPHILE,,,WHAT DISEASE DOES IT CAUSE
H PYLORI---FOUND IN THE STOMACH WHICH CAUSES ULCERS
DEFINE OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
MICROBES WILL DIE (EVENTUALLY) IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
2 EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
MANY BACTERIA AND PROTOZOANS
1 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF AN OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
BACTEROIDES GINGIVALIS
WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF ANAEROBES THAT CAN LIVE TOGETHER IN A EQUALLY GIVE/TAKE RELATIONSHIP
OBLIGATE ANAEROBES AND FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
WHAT OBJECT IS USED IN THE LAB TO TEST OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
A NUTRITIONAL DEEP IS USED IN THE LAB TO TEST OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
NOTE: A NUTRIENT DEEP HAS A HIGH [ ] AT THE TOP AND A LOW [ ] ON THE BOTTOM
NOTE
IF A NUTRIENT DEEP IS INNOCULATED WITH AN OBLIGATE AEROBE,,,WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
ON THE TOP
IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A FACULATIVE ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
MOSTLY ON THE TOP,,,LESS AS YOU GO DOWN
IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
EVEN DISTRIBUTION
IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A MICROAEROPHILE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
BAND OF GROWTH TOWARDS THE CENTER,,,THAT'S THEIR PREFERRED [ ]
IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH AN OBLIGATE ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
AT THE BOTTOM
NAME OF THE ENZYME NECESSARY FOR MOST CHEMICAL RXNS
SUBSTRATE BINDING
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ATM PRESSURE INCREASES
THE ENZYME SUBSTRATE BINDING REDUCES AND THE CELL EVENTUALLY DIES
NAME THE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF PRESSURE
BAROTOLERANT
NAME THE (2) CLASSIFICATIONS OF PRESSURE
BAROTOLERANT
BAROPHILES
DEFINE BAROTOLERANT
MICROBES CAN SURVIVE UP TO 400 ATM, BUT GROW SLOWER WITH HIGHER PRESSURE
WHAT DO BAROPHILES REQUIRE TO SURVIVE
MICROBES REQUIRE EXTREME PRESSURE TO SURVIVE
NAME (2) LOCATIONS THAT WE CAN FIND BAROPHILES
MICROBES IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, AND IN THE GUTS OF DEEP SEA TUBEWORMS